CONTENTS. 
XIX 
Coals worked by the Peasantry on the tributaries of the Toretz. — Imperial Coal-works of Uspensk, 
and their relations to the Chalk. — Great Imperial works of Lissitchia-Balka. — The Coal subordi- 
nate to the Central Member of the Carboniferous Limestone. — Shown to be a purely Marine 
Formation. — Theory of the origin of this Coal. — General relations and relative value of the dif- 
ferent Coal tracts of the Southern Steppes. — Probable extension of valuable Coal-seams under 
the Cretaceous and surrounding Rocks. — Future Prospects, and Conclusion (see Map, Section 
beneath it, and Plate I. of coloured Sections) 89 
CHAPTER VII. 
CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS ON THE WESTERN FLANK OF THE URAL MOUNTAINS. 
Section on the banks of the river Tchussovaya, showing a passage from Carboniferous Limestone, 
through Millstone-grit and Coal to overlying Conglomerate, Calcareous Grits, &c. — Section 
from Nijny-Serginsk to Sarana, exhibiting Goniatite Grits overlying Carboniferous Limestone. 
Bands of Carboniferous Limestone near Sterlitamak. — Prolongation of Carboniferous Lime- 
stone along the South Ural and ascending Section from it through Goniatite Flags and Grits 
into Permian Deposits. — Review of the Organic Remains of the Carboniferous System 124 
CHAPTER VIII. 
PERMIAN SYSTEM. 
Introduction — Explanation of the word Permian. — Eastern Limits of the Permian System along the 
Slopes of the Ural Mountains. — Lower Limestone and Gypsum near Perm. — Copper, Grits, 
Sandstones, &c— Ascending Series of Strata from the south-west flank of the Ural to the En- 
virons of Oienburg. Permian rocks around Orenburg. — Limestones of Grebeni, &c. shown 
to be the equivalent of the Zechstein, &e. — Conglomerates, Copper beds and Sandstones north 
and west of Orenburg. — Kargalinsk, Obschey Sirt, &c. — Transverse Section from Sterlitamak, 
near the Ural Mountains, to the \ olga on the west, including the Mines of Nijni Troitsk, Bie- 
lebei, &c. Sulphur mines of Sergiefsk and the River Sok. — Country between Perm and Kazan. 
Sections on the Kama, Volga and Sviaga. — Sections of Gypsum and Limestone on the Piana 
( Barnakuva, Arzamas, &c.).— Western Limits of the System.— Origin of the Copper Sands, 
Sulphur, Asphalt, &c I37 
CHAPTER IX. 
PERMIAN ROCKS OF THE NORTH ON THE RIVERS DWINA AND PINEGA— OVER- 
LYING RED DEPOSITS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN REGIONS. 
Sections of the Gypsiferous Rocks overlying the Carboniferous Limestone, on the Pinega and Dwina 
Rivers. — Zechstein of Ust Vaga and Kiriloff. — Sections of overlying red and green Marls and 
Sands, with Tufaceous Limestone from Ust-Vaga to Ustiug-Veliki. — Sections on the banks of 
the rivers Strelna and Suchona. — Totina and its Salt Springs. — Vologda, Ustiujnitz, &c. 
Sections on the Volga below Kostroma, and from Jurievitz by Balachna, to Nijni Novogorod. — 
Relations of red Deposits on the Volga to the Limestone of Kazan and Sviask.— Red and Gyp- 
siferous Sands and Marls of the Oka. — Fossiliferous red Marls of Viasniki on the Kliasma. — 
d 2 
