98 
COAL AND FUSULINA LIMESTONE OF GORADOFKA. 
and north-north-east, is covered by red, green, and greyish clays and shales, 
above which a thin seam of poor coal is seen outcropping ; then follow other beds 
of dark grey shale, capped by a band of limestone, in which are observed Encri- 
nites, Corals, Productus, Euomphalus, and other characteristic fossils. Beds of 
shale, of blue and yellow colours, with some concretions of argillaceous ironstone, 
overlie the limestone, and are succeeded by a second thin seam of coal (six to nine 
inches), which is composed of hard and fine layers alternating with sooty laminse. 
The coal and shale are capped by a band of strong-bedded limestone, twelve to 
fifteen feet thick, in which is a small Trilobite resembling Asaphus globiceps 
(Phillips). We here also found several Fusulinse, fossils which, as before said, we 
never observed in any part of Russia in the lower members of the carboniferous 
limestone. 
The advantage of having made a section from Karakuba to Goradofka is thus 
evident, for we thereby learn that the Fusulinse occur in beds superior to the 
middle limestone with Spirif er Mosquensis, and hence the position we had assigned 
to the rock containing these fossils upon the Kliasma and the Volga is esta- 
blished. 
Pursuing this section still further, in ascending order, viz. to the north-west of 
Bachmuth (PI. I. fig. 3.), this upper limestone is conformably overlaid by a consi- 
derable thickness of shale of different colours, with nodules of impure argillaceous 
iron-ore and some brownish micaceous ironstone, sandstones, and flagstones with 
concretions, all of which range in very slightly inclined beds (observable only in 
ravines and water-courses) up to the post-station of Marcliinsk, on the road from 
Bachmuth to Ekaterinoslaf. To the north these uppermost beds of the carboni- 
ferous series are overlapped by the chalk. 
We have described this section from Karakuba on the south, to Goradofka and 
Marchinsk on the north, because it affords a good explanation of the order of the 
carboniferous deposits, and also proves that certain red rochs, which from their 
lithological characters have been referred to other deposits, unquestionably 
form an integral part of the Carboniferous system. We shall have occasion to 
recur to this point in establishing the age of the red rocks near the sources of 
the Bachmutha river (Gossuderaya-buyerak, &c.), which have been described as 
the Rothe-todte-liegende ; and eventually it will be made manifest, that another 
red formation, consisting of limestone, marl, gypsum and conglomerate, which oc- 
cupies the vale of Bachmuth and overlies all the carboniferous strata, is not, as has 
