COAL SEAMS— GONIATITE GRITS, ETC. 
127 
middling quality being covered by yellowish grey, arenaceous shale and white sili- 
ceous grit. The upper gallery showed the strata to be inclined 25° to the north- 
east, with coal of good quality and of about three feet in thickness, intercalated 
between two bands of siliceous grit, the whole covered by shale and impure coal. 
The beds of coal which are known to crop out on the river Kosva in the property 
of Prince Lazaref, belong exactly to the same place in the series, and we have little 
doubt, that all the coal which has been spoken of as existing along the western 
flank of the North Ural, occurs in this member of the system. There is, indeed, 
in these gorges so clear and complete an exposition of all the beds of the carboni- 
ferous or mountain limestone, properly so called, from its junction with inferior 
Devonian rocks to its dip beneath the millstone grit, that we are assured beyond 
the possibility of doubt, that in this eastern region, coal is never found subordinate 
to or below the limestone, as in the other parts of Russia which we have described. 
England, indeed, affords within itself parallels to all these Russian examples and 
many additional cases. Her greatest coal-fields, for example, are all superior to 
the millstone grit, which in Yorkshire, however, does contain workable seams of 
coal, whilst Northumberland and Berwickshire contain numerous bands of good 
coal, both in the carboniferous limestone and inferior to it. 
Goniatite Grits .— The limestone and millstone grit of the Tchussovaya above 
described, are succeeded to the west by coarser grits of greenish-grey and yel- 
lowish colours, and which, where we observed them, are as little inclined as the 
great Permian deposits which flank them on the west. At the mouth of the Usva, 
below Kalino, they appear in the form of coarse conglomerates. Still further to 
the west, near Gorodok, are deep pits which formerly furnished salt, and in a sec- 
tion of about 200 feet in thickness we observed the following order of beds 
Feet. 
Conglomerate of rounded siliceous pebbles, imbedded in grey grit 
Grit 
Sandstone, finely laminated, with bluish shale and plants, chiefly Calanntes, 
one of which resembles C. remotus, another C. camusformis (Brong.) 
Greyish grit, in strong bands, yellowish at the surface 
White and yellow shale (marl), alternating with thin beds of grit 
Grits, &c., resembling 4 and 5 
Beds resembling No. 5 
Calcareous grit, with calc-spar 
Grit, like No. 4 
Marly shale, like No. 5 
Dark-coloured foetid limestone, with schistose grit 
Blackish schist, somewhat marly 
15 
40 
8 
10 
10 
5 
4 
3 
10 
10 
20 
50 
S 2 
