COPPER GRITS, ETC., NEAR PERM. 
143 
both banks ; and at Savorochino, gypsum is seen in one cliff, and limestone in the 
other. Again, at Goruchky on the Sylva, there is an ascending section of lime- 
stone, gypsum and calcareous grit ; whilst in other spots, both on the Sylva and 
Sira rivers (Yotiaky, Gromotucha, &c.), large masses of grit and marl repose upon 
limestone without the intervention of gypsum. We owe our acquaintance with 
these facts to our friend Col. VolknerE In ascending the Babka and Sylva rivers 
we found the gypsum still further developed. At Krisolova, the right bank of 
the Babka, 150 to 200 feet in height, is occupied in ascending order by 1. Large 
masses of gypsum. 2. Flaglike gypsum and calcareous flagstone. 3. Finely la- 
minated, small concretionary gypsum, with flags of marly grey limestone divided 
both by gypsum and thin way-boards of white chalky marl. 4. Summit composed 
of a tufaceous dolomite passing into calcareous grit. Chert is seen at intervals in 
this neighbourhood, and some of the courses of limestone are pisolitic, whilst others 
are bituminous. These rocks also occupy the country around the town of Kon- 
gur on the high road from Perm to Ekaterinburg. 
Like most formations, therefore, in which gypsum abounds, the lithological va- 
riations are considerable in very short distances, even where the strata are hori- 
zontal ; masses or large concretions sometimes taking the place of calcareous flags, 
and vice versd. It is somewhat remarkable, that strata containing so much cal- 
careous matter should he so devoid of fossils ; for in none of the localities which 
we examined, could we detect organic remains in these lower gypsiferous lime- 
stones, except at two places; viz. at Rapoymaya, between theYugofsk Zavod and 
the river Sylva, where we detected minute Cytherince in a bastard limestone, and 
again near Gorodok in the Tchussovaya river. At the latter place the limestone, 
which is burnt for lime and occupies the plateaus, contains Unionida, shells much 
resembling forms to which we shall hereafter allude, in describing the country 
further west, and to the north of Bielebei. 
In one place, however, where the ground rises into a little eminence, called Tchal- 
pan a limestone is loaded with small shells, among which the Modwla Pallasn and 
the ’ Ter ebratula elongata are abundant. Although we did not visit this locality, 
and owe our knowledge of it to Colonel Volkner and Captain Platanoff, we can 
only say, that we believe the rock may prove to be an overlying mass, similar to 
fossiliferous limestones we shall presently describe, and which are clearly of the 
age of the Zechstein. 
. Then director of the Imperial Zavods or mining establishments of Perm. 
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