146 
SECTION FROM THE URAL TO ORENBURG. 
the Sylva and Babka near Kongur. We shall presently describe the succession in the 
neighbourhood of Sterlitamak, but as the uppermost carboniferous strata, viz. the 
Goniatite grits and flags, are not there visible, and the line of junction is marked 
by violent dislocations (the lower carboniferous limestone being thrown at once 
into immediate contact with the gypseous strata) , we prefer to transport our readers 
to the southern extremity of the chain, and to point their attention to a very clear 
ascending order, the lower part of which has been already alluded to. It has 
been shown (p. 132), that at the south-western flank of the South Ural the upper- 
22 bis. 
W. Girialskaya. Gourmaya Hills. E. 
Conglomerate Red sands, with concretions Limestone Goniatite flags Carboniferous 
and sandstone. and copper ores. with gypsum. and grits. limestone. 
most beds of the carboniferous limestone (a) occupying the hills called Gourmaya, 
near the Bashkir village of Kundrofka, are highly inclined, dipping to the 
west. The Goniatite grits and flags ( b ) are succeeded by other grey and thin 
calcareous flags with large concretionary masses of white gypsum (c), in which 
we observed no fossils, and which perfectly resembled the deposits of the Sylva 
and Kongur. A country composed of red ground follows, and still further to 
the west, are hard, red and green sandstone and flagstone, in parts calcareous, in 
parts a conglomerate, with disseminated copper ore ( d ). All these strata dip to 
the west beneath other red beds, and in the hill of Girialskaya, the whole group 
is distinctly overlaid by a coarse, red sandy conglomerate (e), having a base of dull 
red sandstone. The materials of this conglomerate have been derived from the 
older rocks of the Ural chain, and vary from the size of peas to that of melons. 
All these masses are inclined at high angles and dip conformably to each other to 
the west ; on the mountain sides at 60° to 70°, and in the lower hills of Girials- 
kaya at not less than 35° to 40°, the inclination gradually diminishing as the hills 
descend into the low country. This section is therefore most clear, in showing a 
perfect conformability between the Permian rocks and the carboniferous strata 
upon which they repose ; a phsenomenon the more remarkable, as in considerable 
tracts connected with the Ural these deposits are unconformable. 
