152 
SECTIONS OF METAFTAMAK, ETC. 
the Zavod of Ussen-Ivanofski (where we first met with our kind friend Major 
Wangenheim Von Qualen), the hills to the north of the little stream, rising to 
not less than 250 feet above its bed, expose so many alternations of limestone with 
sandstone and marl, that we are induced to impress the nature ol the series on 
the mind of the reader by the following woodcut. 
In ascending from the rivulet and plain, the first eighty feet (a) are observed in 
a slope which is evidently argillaceous ; for springs burst out where it terminates 
against the escarpment of overlying rocks, just as in the Midland Counties of En- 
gland the line of springs is seen, where the inferior oolite rests upon the lias. 
Above this the following ascending section is observed : — 
24 . 
Above this the vertical section ceases, and the slope which leads to the summit 
exposes, first, sandy beds with calcareous grits and argillaceous concretions, grey, 
compact, marly flagstone, thin, red, sandy and marly beds, covered by greyish and 
brownish flaglike compact limestone. From these sections it appears certain, that 
beds of limestone containing the fossils of the Zechstein, are interlaced with a co- 
pious development of sands, marls, &c., which are loaded with the peculiar plants 
we shall hereafter describe. 
A high plateau, due probably to a great undulation of the strata, rises between 
the Dioma on the east and the Ik on the west, on which the town of Bielebei is 
placed, and to the north of which are situated the Zavods of Nijm and Verkm 
Troitsk 1 . In the neighbourhood of these Zavods the structuie of the tract is 
admirably laid open on the banks of the river Kidash, which has a short and rapid 
course from east to west, until it falls into the Ik. In passing fiom \ erkni to Nijni 
1 These Zavods are managed by our friend Major Wangenheim Von Qualen. 
