SULPHUREOUS BATHS OF SERGIEFSK. 
157 
Between Bugulma and Samara wide undulations of arable ground, void of trees, 
and composed of red and green marls, inclose at intervals flag-like beds of white 
and yellow magnesian limestone ; and in them near Klevlina, in the valley of the 
little Tcheremcham river, we observed small Lingula:, which we cannot distinguish 
from the carboniferous species Lingula parallela (Phill.). From thence to the west- 
ward the limestones expand, and occupy, for a considerable space, the whole 
country. On the banks of the Sok there are escarpments of white and yellowish 
magnesian limestone, 100 to 120 feet high, exposing beds from lour to ten inches 
thick, the streams flowing from which are as limpid as the rivers which issue from 
chalky rocks in Western Europe ; and lastly, the structure of all these western 
plateaus is clearly displayed at the town of Sergiefsk , where this magnesian and 
gypseous series is exposed in the cliffs impending over the river. 
Again, at the Imperial Baths of Sergiefsk, eight miles east of the town of that 
name, the sections of the hill sides, to the east of the baths, are very clearly ex- 
posed. At the base of the hill issue the very copious mineral sources, a brief 
analysis of which by Dr. Clauss, and given to us by Dr. Flisch, one of the physi- 
cians of the establishment, is herewith annexed 1 . These springs issue from bands 
1 If we were permitted to judge of the quantity of sulphuretted hydrogen by the smell, we should say, 
that we never met with such strong evidences at any other sulphureous baths, for even at the distance of a 
mile and when the place was concealed from our view by a hill, our noses announced to us the proximity of 
this great healing source, to which 1500 patients were attracted during the summer of our visit. Pallas, 
in describing the chief sulphureous pool of this neighbourhood, speaks of the foetid smell occasionally ex- 
tending three or four versts.— 1st Voyage, vol. i. p. 156. Issuing from four sources, the waters are col- 
lected in a large open reservoir, which is surrounded by ornamental trees. 
The following is the analysis of Dr. Clauss, of the University of Kazan, of a pint of the water. 
Gas, hydrog. sulfurat 1 '464 
Acid, carbon 2-653 
Carbonat. calc. . . . 
magnesise 
Muriat. magnesia: . 
Sulphat. calcarise. . . 
magnesite 
kali 
natri .... 
1-987 
0-987 
0- 893 
12-920 
1- 573 
0-360 
0-173 
0-173 
0-054 
Silici . . . ■ 
Principii extractivi 
Summa 
20‘12 gr. 
