REVIEW OF THE PERMIAN FOSSILS. 
215 
Professor Sedgwick l , in his memoir on the Magnesian Limestone of the North 
of England, indicates thirty-three species distributed in the following manner : — 
Fishes, 8 ; Cephalopod (fragment of) ; shells, 22 ; of these 8 only are determined; 
and 2 Retepores. 
M. Quenstedt 2 , in a careful comparison of the fossils of the Zechstein of Thu- 
ringia with those of the Magnesian Limestone of England, enumerates 10 fishes, 
16 shells, 1 encrinite, and 4 corals. 
M. Kurtze 3 and Professor Germar 4 , in describing the organic remains of the 
Kupfer Schiefer of Mansfeld, have made us acquainted with 8 or 10 fishes only ; 
but Professor Agassiz and Count Munster have amply supplied the deficiency s . 
Mr. Binney and Mr. Brown 6 have recognised 1 7 species of fossils, many of them 
microscopic, in the red marls of Manchester, which we consider to be of this age. 
Lastly, the list of the remains of the Zechstein of Saxony, recently prepared by 
Dr. Geinitz 7 , includes 11 fishes, 1 Nautilus, 7 Gasteropods (3 only determined), 
8 Conchifers, 11 Brachiopods, 1 Encrinus, and 5 corals — in all 41 species. 
The number of species, as we have just said, which we collected in Russia, 
amounts to fifty-three, i. e. about a third of the total number composing the whole 
of the known Permian fauna. Of these thirty-two are peculiar to Russia. Among 
the 21 species which remain, 16 are known in the Zechstein of Germany or in the 
Magnesian Limestone of England, and 5 only appear to be absolutely identical 
with species which have hitherto been found in the more ancient palaeozoic depo- 
sits. If we analyse this number of 16, which is common to the Permian system 
of Russia and the rest of Europe, we perceive that four of the species existed at the 
preceding or Carboniferous period ; and if to these, five others be added, which in 
Russia are peculiar to the Permian strata, whilst they are identical with carboni- 
ferous forms of other countries, we learn that among 21 Permian species common 
to Russia and Western Europe, 9 have lived on during both epochs. When, how- 
ever, we restrict our view to Russia, it is found that of these 9, 3 only of the 53 
1 On the geological relations, etc. of the Magnesian Limestone (Transact. Geol. Soc. of London, 2nd 
series, vol. iii. part 1, 1829). 
2 Uber die identitiit der petrificate der Thiiringischen und Englischen Zechsteines (Wiegm. Archiv, 
1839, p. 79-89, pi. i.). 
s Kurtze; commentatio de petrefactis quse in schisto bituminoso Mansfeldensi reperiuntur. Halias,1839. 
4 Germar; die Versteinerungen der Mansfclder Kupferschiefers. Halle, 1840. 
5 Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, and Munster s Beitrage, Heft 1, 3, 5 and 6. 
0 Transactions of the Manchester Geological Society, 1841, vol. i. 
7 Gaea von Sachsen (Dresden und Leipzig, 1843). 
2 F 2 
