242 
FERRUGINOUS SANDS AND GRIT WITH PLANTS. 
adjacent plains of Russia, we were naturally anxious to satisfy ourselves if the 
so-called Lias sandstone of Poland was really of that age. Accompanied by Pro- 
fessor Zeusclnier and our kind friend Mr. D. Evans, the proprietor of its mines, we 
examined this tract. To the south and west of Jevitze, sandstones of yellowish and 
white colours are overlaid by a subcrystalline limestone, in parts having a coarse 
oolitic structure, and which, from certain imbedded species of Echini and fragments 
of shells, we had little hesitation in referring to the Coral Rag. The inferior rocks 
which rise to the south, and there form undulating wastes, at once struck us 
forcibly by their lithological resemblance to the sandstones of the eastern moorlands 
of Yorkshire, like which they are in parts highly ferruginous (concretionary iron ores 
being worked in them), and also contain some thin seams of poor coal, used in smelt- 
ing the iron. In fact, just as in our English example, these members of the oolitic 
series, consisting of sand, grit, shale, and some carbonaceous matter, have much 
the mineral aspect of a true coal-field. Possessing an intimate acquaintance with 
similar deposits in Yorkshire and at Brora, we had little hesitation in placing these 
Polish sandstones on their true parallel ; and we were further strengthened in our 
conclusion by finding some plants, which, if not identifiable with known species of 
the coast between Scarborough and Whitby, appear to belong to the same group. 
But to connect the Polish with the Russian case. The plants found at Rosvadi in 
Poland occur in sandstone similar to that of Tatarova, and evidently belong to the 
same series ; and we have now no longer any doubt, that they are all of younger 
date than the Lias, and are on the general parallel of the middle oolite. To attempt 
to establish a closer comparison would be unsafe with our present amount of know- 
ledge ; and it is enough for our purpose to say, that without pretending precisely to 
identify each continental subformation with a corresponding stratum of the British 
Isles or of France, we believe, that the arenaceous strata so copiously developed 
around Jevitze and Rosvadi in Poland represent, as a whole, the series of sandstone 
and shale beneath the Coral Rag, and extending downwards through the middle 
oolite ; whilst from its well-defined horizon, as immediately covering a formation 
charged with Oxford fossils, we consider the arenaceous grits of Tatarova and the 
adjacent plateaux of Russia to be of the age of the sands beneath the Coral Rag. 
We have previously shown that at Oksevo and Inkino upon the Oka, beds con- 
taining Oxfordian fossils pass upwards into iron sands, and we have now no doubt 
that the latter, as well as similar beds at Unja near Jelatma (p. 84), in which iron 
ores are worked, belong to the same division of deposits as the sandstones of Mos- 
