306 
CASPIAN SHELLS, RECENT AND FOSSIL. 
lable of Caspian Shells, fossil and recent, chiefly compiled from M. Eichwald’s 
‘ Zoologia Caspia-Caucasia.’ 
GENERA AND SPECIES. 
WHERE LIVING. 
FOSSIL IN THE STEPPES. 
Paludina variabilis, Eichw 
In the Caspian near Astrak 
han and Derbend. 
Rocks of Daghestan. 
— Triton, id 
— • exigua, id 
— pusilla, id 
Rissoa Caspia, id 
coids; Black Sea, nea 
Odessa. 
Caspian Sea 
— Conus, id 
Province of Derbend, mixed with the preceding 
Paludinas. 
Daghestan, and near the naphtha springs, with 
agglutinated fragments of Neritina, Cardium 
and Dreissena. 
Rocks of Daghestan; Gulf of Karabogas. 
Ust-Urt, mixed with Cardiacea* and Paludina?. 
— dimidiata, id 
Neritina liturata, id 
On the sea-weeds of the coasts 
of Derbend, Balkan andAs- 
trakhan. 
Bullina Ustuertensis, id 
Mactra Caspia, id 
— Karagana, id 
Cyclas Ustuertensis, id 
Plateau or isthmus of the Ust-Urt. Eichwald 
justly remarks, that the presence of these Cy- 
clades in thousands, with a great profusion 
of Paludina;, clearly announces a mixture of 
fresh and salt water. 
Near Astrakhan, and in all the low steppes ex- 
tending to Tzaritzin, with Cardium. Adacna 
and Monodacna, thus indicating the presence 
of an ancient sea. Of these the Dreissena is 
much the most abundant and forms immense 
agglomerates. Entire islets are composed of 
Dreissena and Cardium, as well as all the 
coast between Baku undDerbend.and tolerably 
^ high hills towards the town of Takhu. 
Dreissena polymorpha. Van Ben. f 
(Mytilus) J 
Mytilus edulis, Lin [ 
— rostriformis. Desk 
Embouchure of the Volga; 
Caspian andBlackSeas,and 
Baltic. 
Donax priscus, Eichw 
Cnmaea, Taman and low steppes of L. Elton. 
Cardium edule, Lamk 
The existing species in the 
Caspian is very small. 
In every shore of the Caspian. 
Generally in the Caspian, and 
according to M.Hommaire 
in the Sea of Azof. 
Caspian, Nikolaieff (Black 
Sea). 
Caspian. 
Back Sea. 
Tiik Karagan promontory, with Cardium edule 
and Mytilus edulis. 
Both coasts of the Caspian. In Daghestan, with 
Rissoa and Paludina. Near the Gulf of Ka- 
rabogas, with Didacna crassa, Monodacna 
Catillus, Mytilus polymorphus, Neritina litu- 
rata, & c. 
— rusticum, id 
Didacna trigonoides (Cardium), Pall. 
— crassa (Cardium), Eichw 
Lower steppe of the Volga. Smaller varieties 
of this species are found at Baku mixed with 
Mytilus, Rissoa, &c. 
Small variety in Daghestan, Karabogas. 
Monodacna Caspia (Cardium), Eichw. 
— pontica. id 
— propinqua, id 
— intermedia, id 
— Catillus (Cardium), id 
Baku, Karabogas, Lower steppes of the Volga" 
Vear Lake Elton and steppes of Astrakhan 
with Mytilus polymorphus, M. rostriformis 
Adacna protracta, Monodacna Catillus and 
Didacna trigonoides. 
steppes near Lake Elton in argillaceous hillocks. 
Adacna colorata (Cardium), Eichw... A 
— edentula. Pall 
Crulf of Nikolaieff, Volga, 
Don, and Palus Mceotis. 
Caspian. 
— protracta, Eichw 
— plicata, id 
^ FA t 1 1 n l 
— Iseviuscula, id 
akeofAkerman near Odessa. 
Culf of Asterabad and Baku, 
bid. 
— vitrea, id 
