418 CONCLUSIONS CONCERNING THE ARCTIC URAL AND T1MAN RANGE. 
a period, the Oxfordian shales of Russia have already afforded Saurian remains on 
the Moskwa, the Volga, and the affluents of the Petchora, and that one of the 
forms is identical with a British species. 
In concluding this chapter, which pretends to be an outline sketch only of a newly 
explored region, a large part of which is to be more minutely described in a sepa- 
rate work, we beg our readers specially to consult the Map, PI. VI., as well as the 
coloured sections, PI. V. In the latter, the general succession from the axis of the 
Arctic Ural to the adjacent low country on the west is explained in fig. 1, whilst 
the other drawings will afford a general idea of the outline and structure of a 
country never before examined by a geologist, and which, from the rigour of its 
climate, the nature of its Zyrian and Samoyede inhabitants, the difficulties of 
access, and the absence of any great mineral wealth, may not for ages to come be 
visited by other men of science. 
Among the important geological results which this survey has contributed, we 
dwell with pleasure on the very clear development of Lower Silurian rocks charged 
with characteristic fossils near the axis of the Arctic Ural ; because amid the me- 
tamorphoses which that chain has undergone, it is extremely difficult to detect such 
good proofs of age towards the central portion of these mountains. The evidence, 
indeed, of Lower Silurian, distinctly underlying true Upper Silurian strata, is a link 
in the proofs of succession which the reader will have observed it was not our 
good fortune to be able to detect in the highly metamorphosed axis of the North 
Ural of the miners. I he western flanks of the Arctic Ural have also been most useful 
in demonstrating the precise age of certain grey carboniferous grits (whetstones) 
which have a very great expansion along the western outskirts of the chain, and 
are represented by a particular tint upon the Map (3'). 
New as it is to the geographer, the Timan range is not less interesting to the 
inquiring geologist, who cannot have examined vast areas of land, without being 
convinced, that however widely certain deposits may seem to be marked by a pe- 
culiar lithological structure, such distinctions are invariably put an end to when 
we reach the ancient boundaries by which such sediments were encompassed. In 
exposing true Upper Silurian rocks (which we have shown are not discoverable in 
the government of St. Petersburgh) , and in thereby filling up, like the western 
Baltic provinces and the Ural, the full measure of the palseozoic rocks of this con- 
tinent, the Timan range also exhibits Devonian and Carboniferous rocks, which 
are identical in contents with strata of the same age in the flat regions of Russia, 
