SECTION ACROSS THE URAL-TAU. 
433 
places, both on the east and west flank of the chain, the strata are here inverted, 
and, instead of dipping away from the geographical crest, plunge directly under it, 
the inclination of the limestones near Kussinsk, in like manner with those of Yuryu- 
sensk (p. 430), being from 30° to 45° to the east and south-east. 
By following the older palaeozoic rocks from their external zone, as they fold 
over in the saddles and troughs described in this section, to the environs of Zla- 
taust, we see how they become more and more crystalline and dislocated as they 
approach the axis of the chain. The crystalline and mineralized axis is of con- 
siderable breadth in this parallel, and may he said to extend from some versts west 
of Zlata ust, to the eastern flank of the Ilmen Hills beyond Miask. Let us there- 
fore continue the section across it (PI. III. f. 1 .) 
The ridges of the hill called Kossatur, immediately to the east of Zlataixst, 
consist of mica schist, with garnets, and here, as atTurinsk near Bogoslofsk, these 
crystals appear in strata which have been penetrated by greenstone and trapptean 
rocks. These beds also dip to the south-east, and pass upwards into quartz rock. 
In fact, we have in this last phsenomenon, though in the valley and in miniature, 
exactly what we had found to be the succession upon a large scale in the Taganai. 
Having traversed the marshy valley of the streamlet Jesma, the micaceous and 
quartzose rocks reappear in little hummocks (Tismiinski), the depressions in which 
are filled with ores of iron. On the banks of a little stream called Tchornaya (Black- 
water), coarse-grained granite with occasional beryl appears. Near this point, 
where the ascent of the Ural-tau commences, a thin-bedded sandy limestone occurs, 
dipping slightly to the west. This rock, from its structure evidently of palaeozoic 
age, presents a singular lithological aspect, in having its laminae transfused with 
hornblende. Micaceous schist, with great bands of quartz rock, rises out from the 
flank of this limestone, and constitutes the crest or watershed called the Ural-tau. 
If the traveller does not quit the road, which naturally passes in one of the depres- 
sions, little exceeding 900 feet above the lake of Miask, he can scarcely form any 
conception of the true nature of the ridge, but guided by General Anosoff and 
Major Lissenko, we ascended the jagged peaks in the forest (GOO to /00 feet higher), 
which lie a short distance to the north of the road. The very form of these rocks, 
as represented in the drawing, facing the title-page of this work, might lead to the 
belief, that they are simply vertical or highly inclined stiata in a very metamorphic 
condition, and on examining them such proved to be the case. Immense heaps of 
debris of jointed quartz rock, necessarily presenting sharp angles and edges, form 
