592 APPENDIX A. (LONSDALE ON CORALS.) 
commonly excentric, and its range was occasionally marked by an earthy ferruginous stain. Nothing 
was noticed respecting the transverse processes, except that the pipe by which they were permeated re- 
sembled the one in the tubes, and was connected with it. Only the half of a terminal cup was observed, 
but its sharp edge and furrowed as well as tubercled ribs were excellently shown ; the bottom was formed 
of a portion of a curved plate, moulded against the ribbed side. 
No changes incident upon age were observed, the walls at the upper extremity of the tubes varying as 
much in thickness as at the lower ; and there was not the least sign of external additions, by means of 
a mantle, the parallel tubes though occasionally almost in contact, for some distance, being yet uncon- 
nected by any layer of animal origin. 
In its general characters Syringopora presents so many affinities to Tubipora, that the earlier describers 
of the fossils belonging to it, wfere justified in placing them in that genus. This agreement has been 
more recently dwelt upon by Fischer, and alluded to by Prof. Goldfuss in making his separation, as well 
as by M. de Blainville and Dr. Milne Edwards (Lamarck, 2nd edit. vol. ii. p. 327); but it is inferred, 
from the characters already noticed, that Syringopora should be assigned to that division of Ehrenberg’s 
Zoocorallia which includes genera having more than eight tentacules or lamellae, and provided with an 
internal stony structure ; and in which that authority has placed the true Turbinoliae. 
Localities and Formations . — Perimishel, south of Kaluga ; Vitegra, Ilinsk on the Tchussovaya : Car- 
boniferous limestone. Odoyef near Lichvin : Upper Devonian ? 
The latter specimen, two and a half inches in breadth, two in width, and one in height, consisted of 
closely aggregated tubes, which presented no perceptible differences from those of the carboniferous fossil ; 
but they diverged much more rapidly, and though parallel in some portions of the specimen, they exhibited 
great irregularities of growth, due apparently to external disturbing causes. 
Syringopora dislans. 
Tubes not closely fasciculated, slightly bent ; branches few ; connecting processes distant ; funnel-shaped 
plates irregular ; medial pipe generally excentric. 
Harmodites distans, Fischer de Waldheim, Oryct. de Moscou, p. 161. pi. 37. figs. 1, 2. (Arkhangelsky, 
ten versts from Moscow in alluvial marly sand.) 
M. Fischer considers the Russian coral to be identical with Goldfuss’s Syring. ramulosa from Olne 
(Petref. pi. 25. fig. 7. p. 76), but as the author of these Notes did not possess, in this case also, the 
means of comparing specimens from the different localities, it was considered advisable only to allude to 
M. Fischer’s identification. 
The small fragment of Syring. distans which was examined, agreed generally with the slight though 
graphic figures in the ‘ Oryctographie ’ ; but it bore evident marks of friction, and afforded few facilities for 
ascertaining satisfactorily the structural details. The tubes differed from those of Syring. parallela in 
their greater relative dimensions, the average diameter being one and a half line, and in the strength of 
the outer walls, both of the tubes and the connecting processes. The walls, so far as the characters could 
be ascertained, were externally smooth or very slightly traversed by lines of growth ; the substance of 
which they were composed exhibited faintly a microscopic, reticulated structure, similar to that noticed 
in the memoranda on Syring. parallela ; and the cast of the interior indicated, in a few cases, the former 
existence of slight furrows. The disposition of the internal funnel-shaped plates was extremely irregular, 
as well as the range of the medial tube, where it could be traced ; presenting in each case marked dif- 
ferences from the uniformity delineated in figure 7 b of Syring. ramulosa. (Petref. pi. 25.) The 
broken commencements of the connecting processes gave the tubes a very knotty aspect. Their cavities, 
at the points of issue, were more or less occupied by curved plates, diverging extensions of those in the 
