APPENDIX A. (LONSDALE ON CORALS.) 
601 
the simplicity of the internal structure, which admitted of no subdivisions into areas, there was an agree- 
ment with the Cladocora of Ehrenberg ( e . g. Clad. lavigata, Madrepora flexuosa, Solander and Ellis, 
plate 31. figs. 5, 6), also in the total absence of external thickenings as well as lateral junctions- 
there were, moreover, no signs of regular bifurcations of the stems ; but as the true mode of production 
of the lateral branches was not ascertained, it was considered correct to mark the generic determination 
as doubtful. 
Several fragments of this coral were examined, but they appeared to be, for the greater part, portions 
of one mass. The height and width of the principal specimen were about two inches. The stems, which 
were separated by slight intervals, were nearly cylindrical, slightly flexuose, and had an almost uniform 
diameter of two lines. 
The outer wall was exceedingly thin, and apparently had no decided vesicular lining. Externally it 
was traversed by close, fine, annular ridges and stronger irregularities of growth, and partially decom- 
posed surfaces exhibited faint indications of vertical ribs. The lamellae, which sprung directly from the 
inner surface of the wall, were about thirty in number, and were alternately broad and very narrow, the 
former ranging with slight flexures to the centre. They appeared to have been simple in structure, but 
liable to fracture and decomposition, presenting in many cases considerable irregularities and occasionally 
indistinctness of outline. 1 he interstitial plates displayed, in the best transverse sections, a series of fine 
arched lines, parallel to the wall and at a short distance from it ; other similar curves, but not forming a 
regular series, also appeared nearer the centre. In vertical sections the plates exhibited fine straight 
lines, though without any great uniformity of arrangement : they had evidently been very liable likewise 
to fracture and decomposition. 
The centre had no distinct axis, consisting merely of a union of the broader lamellae with occasionally 
an additional plate, as if a lamella had divided. 
Only one very unsatisfactory instance of the base of a lateral stem was noticed. 
Locality and Formation. — Kamensk, east of Ekaterinburg. Carboniferous limestone. 
Columnaria sulcata, Goldfuss. 
Tubes 5—6 sided ; sides generally unequal; lamella; alternately broad and narrow , sometimes straight and 
simple, sometimes irregularly curved and fasciculated, united in pairs at the periphery by curvatures; 
interspaces , numerous connecting plates ; centre, union of broader lamella, no axis ; outer wall unwea- 
thered, flat ; weathered, crenulated ; terminal cup very deep; young tubes interpolated laterally. (Plate 
A., fig. 1.) 
Goldfuss, Petrefacta, p. 72. tab. 24. fig. 9. (Bensberg) ; De Blainville, Man. d’Act., p. 351 ; Milne Ed- 
wards, 2nd edit., Lamarck, Anim. sans Vert., tom. ii. p. 343. 
So far as the Russian specimen could be compared with Goldfuss’s figures and description, no essential 
differences were noticed, and the only observed variation consisted in the occasionally irregular range 
and uniting of the lamellae. With respect to Goldfuss’s additional remarks on the species (Petref. Zu- 
satze, p. 245), and his identifying it with Cyathophyllum quadrigeminum, it will perhaps be sufficient to 
state, that, independent of internal structure, the reproductive process of Columnaria is distinct from that 
of Cyathophyllum, and if any of the corals figured under the name of Cyathop. quadrigeminum (pi. 19 
fig. la?) exhibit that process, they should be separated from both the species and the genus. 
The grounds for considering Lithostrotion to be distinct from Columnaria, with which it has been 
united by M. de Blainville (Man. d’Actinol., p. 350), will be found in the concluding paragraph of the 
general remarks on that genus. 
The Russian specimen which was examined, formed apparently part of a hemispherical mass. It was 
