APPENDIX A. (LONSDALE ON CORALS.) 
609 
Fig. a. General character of the upper surface, natural size. 
Fig. b. Vertical section, natural size, to show the characters of the axis, and inner and outer zones, as well as the mode of union. 
Fig. c. Portion of the same magnified. 
Erismatolithus madreporit.es ( floriformis ), Martin, Petrificata Derbiensia, pi. 43. figs. 3, 4 ; pi. 44. fig. 5. 
1809. 
Litliostrotion floriforme , Fleming, British Animals, p. 508, 1828 ; Morris, Catalogue of British Fossils, 
p. 40, 1843. 
Columnaria floriformis, De Blainville, Manuel d’Actinologie, p. 350, 1834; Milne Edwards, 2nd edit. 
Lamarck, Animaux sans Vertebres, ii. p. 343, 1836. 
Cyathophy llum floriforme, J. Phillips, Geology of Yorkshire, part ii. p. 202, 1836. 
The coral under consideration resembled Lithost. emarciatum in the structure of the axis, but it differed 
from that species in the lamellae of the inner zone being in all mature columns alternately broad and 
narrow, and in the vesicular plates of the outer zone being uniformly much more inclined, and traversed, 
not partially by lamelliferous laminae resembling segments of circles, but wholly by fine layers produced 
to the outer walls of the columns. Between the Russian fossil and the English Litlwst. floriforme no 
essential differences were detected, though two specimens of the former were compared with a tolerably 
good series of the latter. 
The height of the larger Russian specimen was three inches and three quarters, the breadth two, and 
the depth one and three quarters. The columns were small, the diameter of the greatest being five lines, 
but in some English specimens the average dimensions were about the same. The upward line of growth 
was very irregular, and not unfrequently twisted (fig. b) ; and at the superior termination there were occa- 
sionally between the lamelliferous columns small, depressed intervals, not bladder-like, but lined by a thin 
rugose layer, which had been deposited apparently by a membranous extension of the adjacent polypes. 
Similar irregularities in growth and in upper terminal surfaces occur in British specimens of Lithost. flo- 
riforme. 
(1.) The axis was sometimes partially displayed to the extent of nine and ten lines. It presented (fig. b) 
a twisted, narrow cylinder, not indented or cupped at the lower end as in Lithost. mammillure, but traversed 
by an even or nearly flat surface, composed of variously reticulated plates, as in Lithost. emarciatum. In 
this and all other characters, the axis of Lithost . floriforme agreed with that of Lithost. emarciatum. 
(2 ) The characteristic distinction in a transverse section of the inner zone was the interpolation, near 
the periphery, of narrow lamellae, with more or less numerous, connecting straight or arched plates, giving 
to the transverse section an amount of complicated structure, not possessed by the three species believed 
to be at present peculiar to Russia. In this respect, again, there is a perfect agreement with English spe- 
cimens of Lithost. floriforme. 
(3.) The laminae composing the outer area sprang directly, in broad plates, from the side of the inner 
