614 
APPENDIX A. (LONSDALE ON CORALS.) 
the edge of the lamellae ; and where such uniting matter occurred, that the lamellae also were more or less 
represented. In the vertical intervals above noticed could be detected, here and there, an indistinct circle 
or a white speck ; and they were conceived to mark the range of the narrow lamellae. The obliquely 
transverse section (fig. / a) gave, more or less fully in both the broad and narrow lamellae, all the changes 
from the circle imbedded in the substance of the lamella;, to the tubular or isolated ring. In this section 
the range of the foramina to the very external boundary of the coral was shown in a few cases, but it is 
believed tlicit the outer enveloue whs never pierced 
The specimens from Petropavlofsk were of much less dimensions, and possibly belonged to a distinct 
species, but the whole of the original coral had disappeared, and the surfaces were much weathered. 
All the sub-generic characters were, however, exhibited, and the extension of the diaphragms, through 
the lamellae, was implied by intersecting parallel lines, which could be connected with the central struc- 
ture. 1 he former existence of broad lamellae was also proved by grooves or casts with circular markings ; 
and of narrow, by similar but smaller impressions on the intervening ridges. 
Localities and Formations .— The river Kakva ; East side of the North Ural Mountains ; Silurian. Pe- 
tropavlofsk, northernmost Russo- Uralian mines. Silurian or Devonian ?. 
Strombodes . 
Cylindrical (?) ; lamella unequally distant, sometimes laterally in contact, more or less contortedly united at 
the centre ; lamella-plates easily separated, inner surfaces rough, striated obliquely and vertically ; inter- 
stitial lamina: variously inclined , occasionally very vesicular towards the periphery ; outer surface trans- 
versely rugose. (PI. A. fig. 13.) 
The specimen from which the above notice was obtained, consisted of an aggregate of crushed frag- 
ments in a matrix of Fusulina limestone, but it possessed considerable interest, as it was believed to afford 
a generic representative in Russia of one of the most abundant of British carboniferous corals. The 
English fossil, the " Sun-stones” of dealers, and one of the lamelliferous polypidoms to which the names 
of Fungites, Turbinolia fungites and Cyathophyllum fungites have been applied by some authorities consist, 
essentially of numerous, vertical, bi-pluted lamella, more or less contorted in the centre, but in general 
nearly straight in their range to the circumference, where they sometimes become indistinct. The inter- 
stices are almost invariably narrow, and are closely beset with variously-inclined or arched lamina. In 
some specimens a distinct boundary wall encompasses the coral in part or wholly, but more frequently 
the margin is irregular in outline and exhibits no definite or peculiar structure. Lastly, the diameter of 
a specimen often varies greatly, contracting to two-thirds or one-half (from three inches to two or two 
to one), whereby it acquires the appearance of a young column springing from the centre of an old one • 
and in transverse, rough fractures, indications have been detected of a free separation of horizontal layers 
These characters clearly justify the removal of the “ Sun-stones” from true Turbinolice and Cyathophylla 
and are conceived sufficient to warrant the placing them in the genus Strombodes, as originally proposed 
by Schweigger (Bcobachtungen, Systematic Table VI.). The Russian fossil under consideration was far 
too imperfectly exhibited to ascertain its full characters, but so far as the structures were preserved there 
■was a close agreement with some of the smaller “ Sun-stones.” The fragments of stems, about half an inch 
in diameter, but rarely persistent for even a quarter of an inch in height, displayed no expansions or con- 
tractions, but sometimes an unequal development on opposite sides. The lamella, strongly bi-plated 
w'ere contortedly united at the centre, but nearly straight in their range to the circumference, preserving a 
uniform thickness where the outer, prominent, vesicular plates did not exist, but becoming attenuated 
where they formed a marked band. Occasionally the lamellee were in contact in one portion of a section 
but relatively distant in the remainder. The interstitial plates were much less vesicular near the centre 
a 
