APPENDIX A. (LONSDALE ON CORALS.) gl9 
without attention, and it resembled more the aspect of the equivalent section of a Strombodes than the 
normal condition of a Caninia. The true characters of the latter genus, including a small siphon, were 
however all recognizable. The lower end was obliquely fractured, but exhibited near the centre a minute 
convex (concave in the section which gave the under surface) plate, and two irregular openings near it 
the whole being surrounded by a dense zone of lamellae. 
Stylastraja. 
In the remarks on Lithostrotion (p. 602), it is stated, that the coral for which Lhwyd originally proposed 
the name (Litbophylacn Bntanmci Ichnographia, Epistol. v. p. 122 and pi. 23, 1699) differs essentially in 
structure and m the mode of producing additional columns from the Lit host, floriforme of Dr. Fleming ' • 
and it is shown that the internal structure of that fossil and of other Russian species of Lithostrotion ad- 
mits ol a nple subdivision, or into,- 1, a central area occupied by a variously constituted axis ; 2, a middle 
area composed essentially of persistent vertical lamella, ; and 3, an outer area formed of arched lamina, more 
or less intersected by vertical plates or extensions of the lamella, it is also shown that the additional 
c.o umns are chiefly developed within the area of the parent column, though occasionally without it; and 
further, that there is no prevailing natural tendency for the walls of the adjacent columns to separate 
when a specimen is fractured vertically. It is now proposed to explain what is believed to be the cha- 
racters of the fossil to which Lhwyd first applied the name of Lithostrotion, and to point out the difference 
between them and those of Dr. Fleming’s Lithost. floriforme. 
Lhwyd’s figure (Ichnographia, tab. 23) expresses admirably, though rudely, the brief descriptive characters 
engraved on the plate, " Lithostrotion sive Basaltes minimus striatus et stellatus,” the vertical surface ex 
hibiting a series of polygonal or basaltic-like columns longitudinally striated, and the transverse a congeries 
of variously sized, polygonal stars. Lhwyd unfortunately gives no additional information in the letter 
where the fossil is mentioned (Epistol. v. p. 122), but Parkinson, in his description of a coral assigned 
by him apparently with great correctness to Lhwyd’s “Lithostrotion sive Basaltes” (Org. Rem., vol. ii. 
p 43_45 p l. 5. fig S . 6 and 3)> sa ys, that it « breaks with a moderate force laterally applied int0 a lar 
edges, that “ one or more of the columns may be detached by a moderate stroke,” and that “ a close 
examination, especially of its polished surface, will show that the stone is composed of a congeries of 
polygonal columns exactly adapted and closely concreted together in a parallel direction.” The first and 
last of these statements are strictly applicable to Lhwyd’s figure, the vertical surface bearing evidence of 
facility of fracture, and the whole three to a coral found in the mountain limestone near Bristol. Par- 
kinson further states, that “ the longitudinal section exhibits a striated plumose appearance, and that 
numerous exceedingly slender, longitudinal lamella', corresponding with the external striae, are disposed 
perpendicularly from the circumference to the centre in a stellated form, intersected vertically and hori- 
zontally by proportionally numerous and equally delicate lamella;” (p. 44). These characters are likewise 
prominently exhibited by the Bristol coral before mentioned ; and believing that Parkinson was perfectly 
correct in referring his specimen to Lhwyd’s • Lithostrotion,’ and that consequently the Bristol fossil is 
also generically if not specifically identical with the latter, it is proposed to explain briefly the leading 
characters by which Lhwyd’s polypidom may be known from Dr. Fleming’s Lithostrotion. 
The Bristol coral consists of columns closely aggregated, and so moulded as to fit perfectly and fill all 
irregularities ; but they are easily separated on every side, the adjacent walls of each column having been 
developed by the inhabiting polype, without apparently any superior, superficial community of existence 
’ Lithostrotion striatum of the same authority, though referred to Lhwyd’s figure, may, it is believed be apd >d 
more accurately to a carboniferous fossil resembling it, but possessing truly the generic character of Lithost tt 
forme. Brit. Anim. 508. 
