632 
APPENDIX A. (LONSDALE ON CORALS.) 
Stenopora spinigera, sp. n. 
Ramose; branches cylindrical, slender; tubes divergent, inclination variable, in close contact slightly poly- 
gonal or circular ; mouths, when open, round or oval, with sharp boundary ridges ; when partially or 
wholly closed, ridges thick; bold, spinous projections, irregularly situated. (Plate A. fig. 11.) 
The finest specimen of this coral which was examined, consisted of a mass of fragments five inches in 
length, two and a half in breadth, and about one and a quarter in thickness. The diameter of the full- 
grown branches rarely exceeded a line, but they sometimes swelled suddenly and then contracted. The 
tubes in general diverged slightly, and the openings were in consequence for the greater part oblique to 
the surface and oval. No contractions previous to those connected with the final closing of the oral 
apertures were noticed. 
Localities and Formation. — In addition to the Permian localities given in p. 255, may be mentioned 
Sakmarka, west flank of the South Ural. Permian limestone. 
Stenopora crassa, sp. n. 
Ramose ; branches thick, divergent ; tubes long, slightly inclined and polygonal in the axis of the branches ; 
towards the periphery, suddenly bent outwards ; contractions occasionally visible in the bent portions ; 
outer surface imperfect. (Plate A. fig. 12.) 
This species was distinguished from the preceding by the branches attaining in one portion of the spe- 
cimen three quarters of an inch in diameter, and an altitude exceeding three inches. The tubes were 
slender, not exceeding the fourth of a line in diameter ; but they were sometimes three lines in length 
before they inclined outwards, and two afterwards in the bent portion, or five lines in all. Proofs of 
contractions within the tubes were detected in many places near the circumference of the branch, but 
they were not so developed, on account, possibly, of the state of the specimen, as to exhibit the decided 
lineal range exhibited by some Australian species (Op. at., pi. 8). The outer surface was abraded, and 
the characters of the mouths or dividing ridges could not, consequently, be ascertained previously to the 
final narrowing of the oral aperture or after its completion. 
Locality and Formation. — Ust-Vaga (junction of the river Yaga with the Dwiua). Permian. 
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE A. 
PALAEOZOIC CORALS OF RUSSIA. 
Fig. 1. Columnaria sulcata. — 1, exhibits the general mode of grouping and interpolating additional co- 
lumns, natural size ; 1 a, portion magnified to show the straight divisional line between the columns ; 
also the characters of young columns; 1 b, 1 c, a terminal cup, natural size and magnified, p. 601. 
Fig. 2. Stylastrcea inconferta . — 2, represents the vertical mode of growth, and the tendency of the columns 
to separate along the outer surface of the walls ; also a perpendicular internal section, natural size 
2 a, exhibits the bi-plated structure of the lamella', and the plumose markings on the inner surface 
of the plates ; 2 b, gives the commencement or base of a young column springing from within the 
area of an old one, and at the point where the separation in the outer walls took place, natural size ; 
2 c, another instance of a young column by the side of an older (* *), the crest springing from the 
undivided wall, indicating the line of separation, natural size. (p. 621.) 
Fig. 3. Michelinia concinna. — 3, exhibits the general characters of the terminal upper surface and a lateral 
