652 
APPENDIX Q. 
(STEPPE LIMESTONE — ARALO-CASPIAN.) 
Breslau and Glatz, where a good many seams of coal of fair quality are exposed (usually at angles of high 
inclination), having been perforated by many eruptive rocks. On their eastern flank they repose on true 
carboniferous limestone with Productus giganteus, and on the west pass under red sandstone, shale, con- 
glomerate and black limestone (Permian). See p. 199. 
P. 
Tertiary Deposits of Northern Germany and Poland. 
Although we have ventured to colour a large region (chiefly, indeed, occupied by northern drift) as 
probably containing a substratum of Eocene age, we know that deposits of younger date also occur in it. 
Thus, Professor Goppert acquaints us, that some of the brown coal of Silesia (Taxus, &c.) contains plants 
comparatively modern, whilst that of Hessia is charged with extinct species, and is therefore of higher 
antiquity. The correct demarcation of these tertiary accumulations must be worked out by other geolo- 
gists; our sole aim being, as we have explained (p. 281 et seq.), to show, that to the north of a certain 
zone there exist, at intervals, deposits containing older tertiary shells which essentially differ from those 
of the great masses of Miocene age that occupy South Poland, Volhynia, Podolia and Bessarabia. 
Q. 
Steppe Limestone (Aralo-Caspian). 
In the introductory chapter (p. 8*), which was written after the great body of the work was printed, we 
have alluded to certain corrections made by the discoveries of M. Basinier and the comments thereon by 
Colonel Helmersen, of an inference we had drawn (p. 310), concerning the Ust-Urt, which we at one time 
supposed to be entirely occupied by the steppe limestone. In fact, the opinions there expressed (derived 
from the works of our precursors) are substantially corrected, p. 325, as well as in the introduction. The 
Map, Plate VI., has, indeed, been coloured according to our present views, as regulated by the subsequent 
perusal of the memoir of Colonel Helmersen, “ Ueber die geognostische Beschaffenbeit des Ust-Urt und 
in besondere dessen Ostlichen Abfalles zum Aral See,” Nov. 1844 (Classe Phys. Math, de l’Acad. Imp. de 
St. Petersbourg, tom. iv. No. 73, 74). It is through the researches of M. Basinier, and the inductions 
of Helmersen, that not only the mass of the Ust-Urt, but also a wide tract to the north of it, have been 
placed in the parallel of the Oceanic Miocene deposits of Podolia, Volhynia and Bessarabia. But not- 
withstanding the existence of deposits of Miocene age in the Ust-Urt, it is still true, that the Aralo- 
Caspian or steppe limestone, such as we described it, forms the immediate cliffs of the Aral, as well as 
of the Caspian ; whilst it is equally clear, that the two seas were formerly parts of the same great inter- 
nal, brackish and freshwater Mediterranean, which spread over all the low country between them to the 
south of the Ust-Urt, and extended by Khivah far eastwards and southwards. Nor can it yet be posi- 
tively assumed, that all the region of the Ust-Urt is formed of oceanic deposits ; for until that vast pla- 
teau be traversed in various directions by competent geologists (M. Basinier having only passed along its 
eastern edge), it cannot be denied that portions of the steppe or Aralo-Caspian limestone which subtend 
it on three sides, may also have been elevated into some parts of it. In the meantime, our Map is coloured 
in consonance with the views of Colonel Helmersen, whose general opinion respecting the succession of 
the tertiary deposits in the eastern portion of the Aralo-Caspian region, is perfectly in accordance with 
that at which we arrived through our own observations, in respect to the western country around the 
Black Sea, the Crimaoa and the Sea of Azof. 
