DESCRIPTION OF THE MAPS IN VOL. I. 
659 
method) the j has erroneously crept into the text and Map, as in the mountain Jurma , 
and in the tow ns Jurievetz on the Volga and Jelatma on the Oka, which are distinctly 
pronounced Yurma , Yurievetz and Yelatma. And although there are examples in which 
the J, as pronounced by the English, conveys the proper sound, as in the Sclavonic words 
Jevitze, Jeleznoe, &c. (Gelesnai, Fr.), we ought perhaps invariably to have followed a 
method not unusual in writing Eastern names, and which we have occasionally adopted, 
as in the words Djelebeck, Djabyk-karagai , &c. There is a peculiarity in the Russian 
pronunciation of the o, which has rendered uniformity extremely difficult; custom or 
fashion having in many instances led the Russians to sound the o as a broad a, though 
the syllable be spelt with an o. In some of these cases w'e have written the word as it 
is pronounced, though in most we have simply followed the Russian spelling. 
The geological classification adopted in the General Map is so apparent, that little or no expla- 
nation is here needed concerning the different sedimentary deposits which succeed to each 
other, from the oldest on the north to the youngest on the south, the divisions being essen- 
tially the same as those applied by one of us to England*. In defining the igneous rocks 
we have adhered to that principle which we believe we were the first to introduce, of repre- 
senting all such rocks in tints of the same colour (red) 1 2 . In the General Map, details being 
impracticable on so small a scale, we have necessarily been limited to broad distinctions. 
Thereon, therefore, we simply represent the earliest formed sediments (anterior to all traces 
of organized beings) and which have been much affected by igneous agency in pale carmine 
(letter a). In darker carmine ( b ) we group all the eruptive rocks which have traversed 
the subsequent sedimentary deposits, one of the most recent of these masses being 
the granites on the eastern flank of the Ural Mountains. In those tracts, proofs have 
been obtained, not only that the granite has burst through all the sedimentary pakcozoic 
rocks, but has also pierced other eruptive rocks such as greenstones, porphyries and 
serpentines. Whilst, therefore, we are unable to define such phenomena on the small 
scale of our General Map, we have attempted it in the special Geological Map of the Ural 
Mountains, wherein three classes of eruptive rocks are distinguished by different tints of 
red and by different signs. 
As the Map, Plate \ II., is the first effort made to give a geological representation of the Ural 
Mountains, so complex and diversified in mineral features, we trust that our labours wall 
be viewed with indulgence by those who may hereafter have much greater opportunities 
than we possessed of grappling with such a task. Besides our own observations, however, 
we have endeavoured to compile the fragmentary descriptions of various parts of the 
chain, as given by Hermann, Erman, Humboldt, Rose, Helmersen, Hofmann, &c., and to 
1 See Geological Map of England by Mr. Murchison, published by the Society for the Diffusion of 
Useful Knowledge. 
2 See Maps of Brora and the Hebrides and of the Austrian Alps, Trans. Geol. Soc., vols. ii. and i : i 
new series, and Map of the Silurian Region in the work entitled the ■ Silurian System.’ 
