674 
INDEX. 
Dwina, high road to, north-east of Vitegra, difficulty of defining 
the southern limits of the ol.l red sandstone at, 49. 
, carboniferous limestone extends beyond, 73. 
; fl ne c iifls of carboniferous limestone on the lett bank 
between Siiskaya and Rakolkskaya, 7b. 
fossils of the white (carboniferous) limestone of the, 7b. 
’ the lower carboniferous strata obscured, 77. 
Permian rocks exposed in ascending this river from 
Archangel, 172- ...... „ OT 
shelly sea-bottoms observed on the batiks of, 42/. 
[ phenomena of elevation of blocks on the banks of, on the 
breaking up of the frost, 566, 567. 
( vegetable deposits at the month of, 570. 
Dwytenskaya (canal of Marinsk), carboniferous limestone at, 75, 
. , fossils found at, 75. 
Dykes of crystalline rock near Karakuba, on the Kalmiuss, 91. 
_J 0 f magnetic ironstone at Blagodat, 379. 
Earliest stages in the series of palaeozoic deposits best exhi- 
bited in Scandinavia, 19*. 
Eastern flanks of the Ural, geological structure of the, 437. 
Echini, spines of, at Kasimof, in the carboniferous limestone, b4. 
Echino-encriniles, account of, 38. 
Egeberg (Norway), metamorphosed Silurian rocks near, 14 . 
Egerton, Sir P. de G., his aid, 39*. . . 
Ehrenberg, M., his remarks on Russian fossil Infusoria (see 
vol. ii.). . . . . , 
Eichwald, M., his works on the older Russian deposits (Preface). 
, his comparison of the red earth near St. Peters- 
burg with the old red sandstone, 32*. 
, fossils found by him in the isle of Dago, 35. 
his account of Russian Silurian trilobites, 37*. 
■ notice of his memoir on the Devonian fishes of the 
neighbourhood of Pavlosk, 39. 
. his account of the structure of Mount Bogdo, 194. 
, his account of plastic clays betw’een Grodno and 
Kremenetz, 285. 
, his researches concerning tertiary limestones, 30o 
, his list of Caspian species of shells, 306. 
, his account of the Bos Aurochs, 639. 
Eifel, fish of the old red sandstone found in the, 7*. 
Ekaterinburg, road across the Ural to, 342, 344. 
, geologv of the environs of, 360. 
( section from this place to Kaltcliedansk, 362. 
, geologv of the district north of, 368. 
. ^ structure of the Ural chain to the south of, 4wl. 
, gold mines near, 476. 
Elasmotherium, an extinct genus of large quadrupeds peculiar 
to Russia, 501. . . .,,, . 
Elephant and mastodon, not of the imocene period, 304. 
Elevation of land in the, Baltie provinces ol Russia, ,32. 
-2 of the shelly deposits of the Dwina and Vaga, 331. 
, proofs of, observable in extensive coast hues, 33-. 
of Russia after last submergence, date of, oo«. 
of land, marks of, near the shores of Black sea, 57». 
■ and depressions of land with few dislocations m Bus- 
sia 584. 
direction of, in the mountain chains of Northern 
Europe? 587. . . . . , e 
Elevatory process affecting the level of the great inland seas ot 
Southern Russia, 312. 
Elton lake, the salt of, 192. 
Emperor of all the Rnssias (see Dedication to, and Preface). 
Emmerich, M., Ids work on trilobites, 4. 
Emmons, Dr., his Taconic system of America referred to, 4 . 
Encriuital limestone (crystalline) occurring between two erup- 
tive ridges, 426. 
marble at Svrostan, near Miaslt (Ural), 434. 
Eiicrinltes, peculiar allied forms in the Scandinavian and Russian 
Silurian rocks, 29*. 
Engelmann, M., bis memoir on Olonetz, 23. 
England, north of, comparison of Donetz coal-field with that of, 
122 . 
England, Norwegian detritus in, 527. 
English mining expressions used by the Russians, 107. 
E inkale, or Yenikale, tertiary marine fossils found there, 303. 
Eocene tertiary fossils at Antipofka on the Volga, 277. _ 
deposits, probable wide extension of, in Ger- 
many, Poland, 282 ; opinion modified, 652. 
1 on the Dnieper, 283. 
on the Lower Volga, 283. 
of Russia, general account of, 284. 
near Simbirsk. 287 ; in Armenia, 289. 
Equisetaceons plants, fossil remains of, in the siliceous grits 
(Jurassic) of Moscow, 240. 
Eraol (South Ural), Devonian rocks seen at, 430. 
Eraolski Gora (South Ural), syenitic boulders on flank of, 430. 
Eremell. See Iremel (South Ural). 
Erismatotithus miulreporites ( foriformis ) of Martin. See Li- 
thostrotion florifbrme. 
Erman, M., Ad.,' his geological map of Siberia, 6*. 
bis determination of the position of the Ob- 
dorsk mountains, 340. 
liis determination of the rocks of Obdorsk, 411. 
Erosion of the surface of rocks in Norway, 542. 
of the upper cretaceous rocks not observable in Russia, 
278. 
Erratic blocks. See Blocks, erratic. 
Erupted rocks of the Ural, some of comparatively modern date, 
465. 
Eruptive origin of the magnetic iron ore of Blagodat, 380. 
— of the Irendyk, 453. 
Eruptive rocks, near Christiania and Drammen, 13*. 
. in Sweden, 15 et seq. 
of the. Lapland Russian frontier, 23 et seq. 
of the Tinian, 415 ; of the Ural, 337 et seq. 
between Verch- Uralsk and Orsk, 444. 
Escarpments of Jurassic rocks generally absent in Russia, 229. 
of Upper Jurassic rocks on the Donetz, 250. 
Escars, explanation of origin, 549. 
Esthonia, bituminous schist (lower Silurian) in, -8*. 
, lower Silurian rocks of, 33*. 
Euomphalus qualleriatus, characteristic lower Silurian shell, 
37*. 
pcntani/ulatus, characteristic carboniferous shell, 76. 
Enrite of the Irendyk ridge, 453. 
— on the Issetz near Smolino, 363. 
European cqiuvalents of the Russian Jurassic rocks, 254. 
Evst, a tributary of the Diina, undulations of the strata near, 
5L 
Excentrie distribution of the northern drift, 548. 
Exoyyra found in the greensand near Kumischine, 276. 
Extension of species in space, relation between this and their 
duration in time, 216. 
Extent of detritus in Russia, 507. 
Rai ls of the Narva, recession of, 34. 
False stratification in the sandstones beneath the steppe lime- 
stone, 300. 
Faults seldom recognizable in European Russia (passim). 
Fauna of the Silurian deposits of Russia, 36. 
of the Devonian or old red sandstone series of Russia, 62. 
of the Russian carboniferous system, 132. 
of the Permian system, 205. 
i , tabular list of species of, 221. 
, recapitulation of, 228. 
Favosites, the relations of this genus of corals to Ctuetctes, 593. 
Favosites aliteolaris, Goldfuss, description of Russian specimens, 
610. 
Pelro])oUtmM8,Vw&er. See C/uetetes Petropolitams. 
pnlyrnorpha, Goldfuss, description of Russian speci- 
mens of, 610. 
Featherstonhangh, Mr. G. Mb, his application of English classi- 
fication to America, 5. 
Features, characteristic, which distinguish the Permian from 
the carboniferous rocks, 206. 
