676 
INDEX. 
Fossils (carboniferous), general remarks on tlie Russian series of, 
132 et seq. 
( on the flanks of the Ural mountains, 337, 
363, 376, 388, 430, 430, 445, 460. 
. , founil in the Arctic Ural, 409. 
, found in the Tinian range, 415. 
found at Cossatehi-datchi, in the South 
Ural, 439, 440. 
(Permian), they form a distinct palaeozoic group, 139. 
, found at Grebeni and many other spots on 
the west flank of the South Ural, 148. 
Productus limestone at Meteftamak, Nijni 
Troitsk, &c. (Bielebei), 153. 
, of reptilian auiiuals described by M. Fischer 
de Waldheim, 154. 
, found on the banks of the Volga, 162. 
, from the I’iana river, 165. 
, from strata at Ust-Vaga on the Dwina, 174. 
, general absence of, in the tuface.ous limestones 
of the Volga, 181. 
, of Cylherina , or shells resembling them, the 
only ones found in certain red marls, 182. 
-, probably form the base of the Bogdo Hills, 
entirely distinct from those of the Triassic 
-, general review of the whole series, 205 et seq. 
■, tabular list of, 221. 
195. 
beds, 204. 
(Jurassic) of the Middle Volga, 231. 
of the Oka and the Moskwa, 233, 234. 
of the Moscow basin, 236. 
- of the ferruginous sand and siliceous grit near 
Moscow, 238, 240. 
of the deposits of Orenburg, 247. 
of the deposits on the Donetz, 251. 
of the white limestone of Cracow, on the 
hanks of the Vistula, 253. 
general result of the examination of, 254 et seq 
- of Sanrians from Simbirsk, 258. 
• (Cretaceous) of the ‘ planer kalk’ of Saxony, 262, 
, collection of, in the Museum of Warsaw, 
263. 
of Poland and the Carpathians, 264. 
of the country of the Donetz, 266. 
of the banks of the river Ural, 27 2. 
of the Volga, near Simbirsk, 273. 
(tertiary eocene) in the Crinuea, immediately above 
taceous beds, 284. 
near the city of Kief, and at Butschak 
on the Dnieper, 285 ; list of, from Butschak, 286. 
from Simbirsk, 287 ; from Antipofka, 
288. 
(tertiary miocene) from Wieliczka (Poland), 291. 
from Koronitza in Poland, and the 
Upper Vistula, 292. 
from Podolia, Volliynia and Bessarabia, 294, 295. 
from Tagaurog on the sea of Azof, 296. 
- (upper tertiary) of a brackish water Mediterranean, form 
V • _ 1 _ ninnnA 1 itooet AfSO 
the Aralo-Caspian or steppe limestone, 297-327. 
from Novo Tcherkask, 301. 
from the Crima;a,30I. 
from the cliffs of the Caspian, 306. 
from the cliff's of the Aral sea, 316. 
from the basin of Bulgar, 324. 
from the steppe of Astrakhan, 316. 
of raised North Sea beaches on 
the 
Dwina, Ust-Vaga and Petchora, 329, 332. 
-, remains of quadrupeds in the North and 
in European 
South Ural, 478, 491, 494, 498 et seq. 
Russia, 500. 
France, Silurian rocks of, 4 ; Gres de Vosges of, 203 ; Jurassic 
rocks of, 249, 254 ; cretaceous system of, 261. 
Franconia, Devonian rocks of, 3*. 
Frears, Mr., his researches in the environs of Moscow, 81. 
, his valuable assistance in collecting the Jurassic 
fossils of Moscow, 235. (Sec fossils named after him by 
us, vob ii.) 
Freberga, (Sweden) limestone with Sphseronltes at, 18. 
FredericksvSrn, granitic rock of, resembling that of Cornwall, 
14* 
Freezing cavern in gypseous hill at Illetzkaya-Zastchita, 185. 
Frelofski (North Ural), copper mine of, 399. 
Freshwater tertiary shells deposited in the bed of an ancient 
Mediterranean sea, 297. 
Frost, disruption of rocks, and heaps of blocks caused by, 569. 
Frozen soil of Y akutsk, 1 90. 
Fucoids in the lower shale of Norway, 12. 
, presence of, in the lower Silurian clay near St. Pe- 
tersburg, 26*. 
characterize the lowest Silurian strata of Scandinavia 
and Russia, 15*, 36. 
in Devonian limestone of Tchudova, 42. 
Fusulina limestone, its position in the upper part of the Russian 
carboniferous series on the Volga, 85. 
occurring at Goradofka (South Russia), 98. 
found on the Bielaya, 415. 
Fusulince in the upper carboniferous strata (road to Archangel), 
76. 
, in the upper carboniferous strata at Velikovo, 85 ; 
on the Ussa and Volga, 86 ; at Goradofka, 98. 
found in the Gurmaya hills (South Ural), 451. 
Galahofski, Colonel, his assistance, 378. 
Garbatof, on the Oka, large erratic block at, 524. 
Garnet rock (altered Silurian limestone), Djelebeek, Norway, 14. 
(altered Devonian limestone), Turyinsk (North 
Ural), 398. 
between walls of serpentine (South Ural), 435. 
Garnets in strata penetrated by intrusive rocks, 433. 
Gascoigne, a Scottish miner, first explorer of the iron ore and 
coal in the country of the Donetz, 107. 
Gasteropoda, their rarity among Permian fossils, 209. 
Geinitz, Dr., his list of the zeehstein fossils of Saxony, 215. 
, his views on the cretaceous rocks, 262. 
General objects of the present work, 8*. 
Geneva, freezing caverns near, 197. 
Geologists, one of their great objects of late years the investi- 
gation of the older palaeozoic rocks, 1. 
Geography, physical, of Central Russia, 20* ; of the Ural moun- 
tains, 339. 
Geological evidence of the modern distribution of auriferous 
alluvia into the Ural, 472. 
Germany and Belgium, older paheozoic rocks of, 3. 
, development of the cretaceous system in, 261. 
, greater resemblance of the Russian cretaceous depo- 
sits to the series in those countries than to those of the 
rest of Europe, 279. 
, Northern, and Poland, probable existence of eocene 
tertiaries in, 283. (See also Appendix P.) 
Germar and Kurtze, their list of the fossils of the kupfer- 
scliiefer of Mansfeld, 215. 
Girialskaya (Oreuburg), sandy conglomerate (Permian) of, 146. 
Glaboka (Donetz), wliite chalk on the, 266. 
Glacial action, no appearance of, in the Ural mountains, 412, 
522. 
, effects like it may have been produced by great 
masses of drift, 530. 
theory, its utter inapplicability to Russia, 530. 
Glaciers, their agency assumed by Agassiz to account for the 
phamomena of far transported drift, 508. 
probably once existed in the mountains of Norway, 
Scandinavia and Lapland, 528, 548, 554. 
, how they have contributed to form sea-bottoms, 539. 
, their former existence and advance impossible in 
Sweden and Russia, 513. 
