INDEX. 
689 
Pataonisms Freislebeni, the only Permian fish found in the 
carboniferous limestone, 212. 
Pain, Una, extreme abundance of in the steppe limestone, 300. 
Pamir^ extension of Aralo-Caspian deposits to the plateau of, 
Pander M. (his works, Preface), his idea concerning the dislo- 
cation of the Pulknvka brook, 31, 
, his determination of Silurian rocks in Estlionia, 34*. 
■ ”7 ■ fp» n 4 h . v Mni in the isle of Oesel, 35. 
Parallelism of the distnrhances in the Ural 468 
Paris basin, certain German and Polish tertiary 'beds supposed 
to be contemporaneous with 285 
Parnassus, scratches on the flanks of, not done by glaciers, 552. 
Parrot , M on the lake of Unrknech. (See vol.ii. Arnnt Propos.) 
Passage of lower into upper carboniferous series near Kun- 
drotka, 1 o2. 
— foS'vr 60118 to tertia!T r ° cks at Anti i ,ofka ° n the 
_ (supposed) from cretaceous to tertiary strata in Rus- 
si a, Jo”. 
— - — from Miocene to Pliocene beds at Kiclienef, 296, 303. 
Paiilograd, metamorp hie rocks between this town and Alexan- 
drofsk on the Voltchia, 91. 
I’aycn, M., bis analysis of the tcliornozem or black earth of 
Russia, iitiu. 
Peadi, Mr. Ins discovery of Silurian fossils in Cornwall, 14*. 
Pebbles of large size in the Permian grits, 155. 
Peipus Lake, transverse depression of, 32. 
Pcneen, a name inapplicable to the Permian rocks, 140 
Pinega, carboniferous limestone extends to, 73. 
Pen/amerus oblongm, fossil separating the lower from upner 
Silurian rocks in Norway and America as in British Isles 
5*, 12*, 38*. 
borealis represents P. oblongus in Estlionia and 
Kovno, 34*, 38*. 
Kniyhtii, species very near to, in upper Silurian of 
the Ural mountains, 39, 370, 394. 
limestone, metamorphosed, at Dielebeck, Nor- 
way, 14. 
- absence of this fossil in Permian rocks, 208. 
Pepites or lumps of solid gold to the south-west of Miask, 489. 
1 eremislil on the Oka, lower carboniferous rocks at, 77. 
" ' , the cliffs opposite this towii contain bituminous 
clay, replacing coal, 78, 79. 
Pereyanchina, south-west of Zlataiist, argillaceous and fissile 
limestone at, 429. 
Perkina (road to Archangel), Fusulina limestone at, 87. 
, large granitic northern block near, 516. 
Perm, succession of strata to the south and east of, 142 et sen. 
Permia, ancient kingdom of, affords the new collective name 
for the strata between the carboniferous and triassic sv- 
stenis, 138. 
Permian system, its first establishment, 7*, 8, 137 el see/. 
' ' beds of overlying carboniferous strata on 
the road to Bachmuth, 114. 
> tlle carboniferous limestone seen underlying a 
small trough of, at Sterlilamak in the South Ural, 130. 
, reason of applying the name “ Permian ” to 
this group of rocks, 139. 
, its limits in Russia, 141. 
, sections of limestone, gypsum and copper de- 
posits near Perm, 142. 
— on the western flank of the South Ural, 145. 
section of, from the Ural mountains to the 
Volga, 150. 
Kazan, 160. 
■, sulphur deposits of the, 157- 
as exhibited in the country between Perm and 
developed in the rocks around Kazan, 161. 
, western and southern limits of, in the govern- 
ments of Nijni-Novogorod and Simbirsk, 164 
, sections of, near the Piana, 166. 
highly fossiliferous at Itslialki, 166, 
Penman systtm, origin of copper sards ;.r,d mrrls of, JCS. 
> section of, on the Pinega, 172. 
~ 1 777.’. gypsums, marls and limestones of, on the 
I ) win a, 173. 
> sections of, on the Strelnaand Suchomi, 177 
sections of, on the Volga, Oka and Kliasma 
rivers, 180. 
, as seen south of Orenburg, 183. 
containing rock-salt at Uletzkaya-Zastehita in 
the steppes of the Kirghis, 184. 
7 , saliferous rocks of, and overlying fossiliferous 
limestone of the lower steppes near the Caspian, 192. 
i rocks of Mount Bogdo, 193. 
7 : ’ origin of the salt of the steppe of Astrakhan, 
referred to the rocks of this period, 196. 
77 f ?^ ils of this period and their equivalents in 
other parts of Europe reviewed, 199 et see/. 
i German equivalents of, 201). 
i French and English equivalents of, 202. 
1 its rocks conformable witli the overlying trias- 
sie strata, and frequently unconformable with the carboni- 
ferous, 204. 
1 view of the organic remains of, 205 to 228. 
1 » modifications undergone in distant geogra- 
phical regions by the fauna of, 213. 
• general remarks on the flora of, 218. 
> tabular list of the fossils of, in Europe, 221. 
i disintegration and reconstruction of its con- 
glomerates, 248. 
1 range of the strata of towards the Ural, 353. 
, bounded by the Tinian range, 412. 
" — — i beds at Verehni Ozernaia, and near the Cur- 
maya Hills (South Ural), 450. 
7 T’ * r °ugh of, overlying the carboniferous strata 
between Akntau and Tcheketan (South Ural), 460, 461. 
— > deposits of, affected on lines parallel’ to the 
rocks of the carboniferous series in the Ural, 468. 
, general conclusions concerning series of rocks 
in Russia, 582. 
I erowski, Perovski, or Perofski, General, bis great assistance 
to the authors in the government of Orenburg, 131 347 
361, 451 ; his map of, 348 et seq. 
Perse river (Livonia), concretionary Devonian limestone of 51 
Peschanka (North Ural), gold mines of, 396, 400, 482. 
Peteliora l iver, survey of the basin of the, 21*. 
> Count von Kevserling and Lieut. Krusen- 
stern’s expedition to its mouth, 211, 656, 657. 
1 Oxfordian beds where this river empties itself 
into the ley Sea, 230. 
— , modern raised marine deposits of the mouth of, 
oo2. 
; whetstones (carboniferous) found near the, 410. 
.mixed Jurassic strata of clay and sand at the 
confluence of the Ijema with the, 417. 
Petehora-ill-is, mountain of the Arctic Ural, view from, 407. 
Petersburg, St., Silurian rocks of, 25. 
• , section from, to Czarskoe-celo, 27. 
, relative age of the strata near, 32. 
, a favourable place for studying the distribution 
of northern erratic blocks, 512. 
, size of blocks in the neighbourhood of, 523. 
Petersgal on the Issetz, crystalline carboniferous limestone of 
365. ’ 
Petrofskaya, on the Upper Donetz, carboniferous rocks at 90 
, outliers of carboniferous rocks near, 115. ’ 
, Jurassic fossils found near, 234. 
Petropavlosk on the Siass, inclination of Silurian strata, 30* 
• the cliffs near, described, 30. 
(North Ural), Devonian limestones at, 397 
river, fossils from, 613. 
v I •» V1U | uiu. 
Petrozavodsk (Olonetz), rocks in the neighbourhood of 23 
— -, trappean rocks of, altering the palseozolc'strata 
near Lake Onega, 47. 
4 u 
