692 
INDEX. 
Russia, coal-fields in the northern tracts of, 104. 
, strata overlying the carboniferous rocks of, 114. 
, note concerning M. Anatole Demidoff’s work on the 
southern part of this country, and of M. le Play’s volume 
on the carboniferous region of the Lionet/, in, 120. 
, carboniferous rocks on the western flanks of the Ural 
mountains of, 124 et set/. 
, general remarks on the fauna of the carboniferous sy- 
stem of, 132. 
, description of the rocks of the Permian system in, 141 
et seq. 
, eastern limits of the Permian system in, 141. 
, zone of magnesian limestone in the Permian system of, 
147. 
, origin of the Permian copper sands and marls of, 10b. 
, Permian rocks on the north of the rivers Dwina and 
Pinega iu, 171 et seq. 
, account of the salt mines in the rock-salt (Permian) at 
Illetzkaya-Zastcliita in the steppes of the Kirghis, 184. 
, account of the freezing cavern in the Permian rocks of 
Illetzkaya-Zastcliita, 186, 197. 
, account of the rocks of Mount llogdo in, 193. 
, review of the Permian fossils found in, 213. 
, account of the J urassic system of, 229 et seq. 
, Jurassic basin of the middle, Volga in; 231. 
, Jurassic basin of the Oka in, 233. 
, Jurassic strata around Moscow in, 235. 
, great Jurassic basin of the lower Volga, &c. iu, 243. 
— — — , eastern tract of Jurassic rocks in, 247. 
, upper Jurassic group in the southern districts of, 248. 
, general conclusion with regard to the Jurassic rocks of 
this country, and their European equivalents, 253 et seq. 
, cretaceous system of, 259 et seq. 
, chalk of the Donetz in, 265. 
, cretaceous rocks of the Don in, 270. 
, chalk on the banks of the Ural river in, 272. 
, relations of the cretaceous to the tertiary strata in, 277. 
, tertiary deposits of, 281 et seq. 
, distribution and subdivision of the tertiary deposits of, 
283. 
, eocene or older tertiaries of, 284. 
, middle or mioeene tertiaries of, 290. 
, mioeene deposits in the southern districts of, 293. 
, Aralo-Caspian or steppe limestone of, 297. 
, notice concerning the northern extension of a former 
Caspian sea in, 324. 
, Ural mountains of, 337 et seq. See also Ural Mountains. 
, map of, referred to, 348. 
— — — in Europe, fossil quadrupeds of, 5O0. 
, Scandinavian drift and erratic blocks in, 507 et seq. 
, absence of drift in certain north and south zones of, 516. 
, former submarine condition of, 538. 
, account of the black earth or tchornozem of the central 
and southern tracts of, 557 et seq. 
iu Europe, modern changes in the surface of, 565. 
, elevated fluviatile ridges of angular blocks in, 566. 
, recent elevation of great part of, 569. 
, modern ravines or ‘ avrachs’ of, 570. 
, modern estuary phenomena in, explanatory of the former 
origin of coal, 570. 
, state of the surface of, during spring floods, 572. 
, resume and conclusion concerning the geology of, 579 
et seq. 
, description of some characteristic palaeozoic corals of, 
by Mr. Lonsdale, 591. 
Russian Lapland, the Timan range parallel to the north-east 
coast of, 413. 
Sablenka, carbonaceous character of the bituminous schist 
on the, 28*. 
Sahliu (Arctic Ural), Mount, trappean rocks of, 411. 
Sadonsk, or Zadonsk, on the Don, Devonian fossils in hillocks 
at, 61 . 
Sakalosfkie, on the Volga, section of Jurassic rocks at, 246. 
Sakmara or Sakmarka river (South Ural), fossiliferous carbo- 
niferous limestone extends to, 131. 
, magnesian limestone near the mouth of, 147. 
• , anticlinal axis iu the valley of, 148. 
, boss of serpentine at, 452. 
, the rocks of this river prolonged to the Silurian 
series of the Kraka hills, 458. 
Saksomsk (west flank of North Ural), doloinitic limestone near, 
353. 
Salaouch, east of Kazan, dislocations of Permian sandstone and 
grits at, 161. 
Saliferous rocks and overlying limestones of the southern 
steppes, 192. 
Saline lakes, source of the salt of, 197. 
Salomi (Lake Onega), striated and polished rocks near the bav 
of, 514. 
Salt, source of, in Devonian rocks, 45 ; Permian rocks, 145 ; in 
tertiary deposits, 291. 
, presence of, no indication of geological age, 145. 
, springs of, in the Permian rocks, 145, 178, 180, 196. 
, beds of, in the Permian rocks, 183. 
, account of the works at Uletzkava-Zasl chita, 184. 
of the steppe of Astrakhan, origin of and age of, 196, 320. 
, age of the deposits of, at Wieliczka, 290. 
Salter, Mr., fossils named by him, 12. 
Saltness of the Caspian sea slight, 308, 323. 
Samara (Lower Volga), cliffs of Fusuliua limestone near, 86. 
, red conglomerate (Permian) between that city and 
Orenburg, 149. 
, magnesian limestone (Permian) at, 157. 
, copper ores anciently extended to the neighbourhood 
of, 168. 
Samoyedes occupy the Petchora country. Preface, xiii., 340, 418. 
, their superstitions respecting the mammoth, 491. 
Sands, sandy marls and sandstones, common beds among the 
Jurassic rock of Russia, 244. 
Sandstone and sands (Silurian) of North America, 5. 
— quartzose, of Kinuekulle (Swe- 
den), 15. 
of Sweden, the lowest beds 
formed out of the ancient crystalline rocks, 17*. 
, Ungulite grit of St. Petersburg, 
27. 
of Russia, 44, 47. 
(Devonian) of the Timan range, 414. 
of Akri-tau, in the Ural, 460. 
(old red), condition of, in the north of England, 7. 
of Christiania, 13. 
■ (carboniferous) of Russia, 77, 82, 92, 104. 
of the Ural, 127, 354, 357, 410. 
of the Timan range, 414. 
(Permian) of Russia, 143, 168, 203. 
(Jurassic) of Russia, 236, 238 et seq., 245, 251, 252. 
(cretaceous) of Russia, 271, 275. 
(tertiary ) of Russia, 276, 287, 292, 300, 313, 316, 33 1 . 
Sarana, carboniferous limestone at the zavod of, 129. 
Saragula Hills, siliceous beds containing Jurassic fossils at, 247. 
Sariitof, Jurassic basin in the government of, 243. 
, concretions of argillaceous limestone at, 245. 
, Jurassic rocks in the cliffs of the Volga at, 2 16. 
, black Jurassic shale of Sysran extends to, 246. 
, cretaceous beds at, 274. 
, lower tertiary beds on the banks of the lower Volga 
near, 28S. 
Sarepta, on the Sarpa, hilly steppes between this place and the 
Don of tertiary origin, 278. 
, position of the steppe limestone and subordinate 
sandstones at, 300. 
, concretions of sand in the tertiary rocks uear, 317. 
Sarpa, concretions of sand at Sarepta, on the, 317. 
Sartana, on the Kalntiuss, dykes of crystalline rock between 
Karnkuha and, 91 
