INDEX. 
697 
Trough (vast) or basin of upper Silurian deposits in Oesel, 
Dago and Gothland, 35*. 
Troughs of palaeozoic rocks on the west flank of the Ural moun- 
tains, 386, 431, 462. 
Tryplasma, a subgeuus of Cyathophyllum , described, 613. 
Tsher (Timan), carboniferous rocks on this river, 415. 
Tubipora , analogies with and resemblance of this coral to Sy - 
ringopora , 592. 
Tufa, calcareous, on carboniferous strata at Putshino (Oka), 82. 
Tufaceous limestone! (Permian) with Producti, near Verkny and 
Nijny Troitsk, 153. 
seen between Sviask and Tcheboksar on 
the Volga, 180. 
Tula, lower carboniferous rocks at, 77. 
and Kaluga, lower limestone of, 79. 
Tun-os (Upsala), description of, 546. 
Tura (North Ural), Siluriau rocks on the banks of the, 394, 
402. 
Turbiiuilia ibicina. See Caninia. 
Turinsk, Nijny, zavod of, passage of the Ural by the Katchkanar 
to this place and Vcrkhoturie, 390 to 394. 
Turkey (see Bou4), geological structure adverted to, 656. 
Turkistan, composition of the plain of, 310. 
Turyinsk, near Bogoslofsk, copper mines of, 398. 
Tzaritziu, tertiary age of the steppes between this town and 
Sarepta, 278. 
Tzilma river (Timan), section of Devonian rocks on the, 414. 
traverses the carboniferous limestone, 415. 
UuDiivALtA. (Sweden), raised beaches of this place compared 
with those on the Dwina and Vaga, 329. 
Ufa river (South Ural), carboniferous limestone on the banks 
of, 129. 
, section of Permian strata between this river and 
Sterlitamak, 150. 
, catcareous grit (Permian) with fossils on the banks 
of, 358. 
Ui, granite of the steppes, east of the Ural, 441. 
Ukhta and Vitchegda (Timan range), Permian limestones on 
the rivers, 412. 
, Damanik, or upper Silurian schists of, 414. 
Ukraine, fossils found there indicate beds belonging to the 
older tertiary period, 280. 
Uksenskaya, on the Pinega, limestone with carboniferous fossils 
at, 172. 
Ulu Utasse-tau (South Ural), a hill of magnetic iron, 445. 
Undulations of the lower Silurian strata in Northern Russia, 31. 
of considerable extent, in the Devonian strata on 
the right hank of the Diioa, 5 1 . 
Ungulites, description of this genus of shells, 26. 
, large size of, at Baltisch Port, Esthonia, 28. 
Ungidite grit and bituminous schist, its position in the Russian 
Silurian series, 25*, 27. 
, thickness of the, 27*. 
United States, pakeozoic rocks of the, 5*. 
Uuja river (Tambof ), iron works there, 84, 234. 
, near Jelatma, ironsand beds of, belong to 
the Moscow millstone series, 242. 
, red marls (Kostroma) (Permian) appearing at, 178. 
, black Jurassic shales of the banks of the, 233. 
Unskoi (Archangel), salt spring at, 518. 
Upheavals, absence of, in Russia, between the V aldai Hills and 
the Dwina, 25. 
, general character of in Russia, 35*, 53, b2, oJ7. 
, general character of in the Ural mountains, 4b3 et 
sen. 
, nature of those that elevated the land on the coast 
of the Black and Caspian Seas, 299. 
Upper greensand, relations of, in Russia, 280. 
Upsala, marine post-pliocene beds there, covered by gravel and 
boulders, 328. 
Ural mountains, rivers springing in, 21*. (See also p. 337.) 
— . , general view of the structure of, 337, 461. 
Ural mountains, same order of pakeozoic rocks as in Russia, 39, 
461. 
, carboniferous rocks on the western flanks of, 
124 et seg. 
, basin of the Tchussovaya, in, 125. 
, carboniferous series in that part of the chain 
south of the Bielaya, 131. 
, ancient continental surface of, 471, 521, 555. 
, section from the flanks of the chain near Ster- 
litamak to the Volga, 150. 
, the copper sands and marls (Permian) derived 
from, 168. 
, probability that certain sandstones and lime- 
stones (Permian) on the western flank of this chain re- 
present the rothe-todte-liegeude, 203. 
, general account of the, 337 et seg. 
, previous knowledge of the chain before the 
visit of the authors, 338. 
, viewed as a great meridian chain, 339. 
, general exteut of the chain, 340. 
, age of the rocks of, 350 to 470. 
, direction of the rocks of, 467. 
, date of the introduction of metalliferous ores 
into the chain, 472 et seg. See Auriferous alluvia. 
, no Scandinavian boulders near, 527. 
, general results of the investigation of, 586. 
, North, a portion of the chain so called by the 
miners, 342, 350 et seg. 
, western flank of, 354 et seg. 
— , pass of the Katehkanarfrom the western 
to the eastern flank, 390. 
, sedimentary origin of the rocks of, 403. 
, Jurassic rocks on the eastern flank of 
230, 406. 
, eastern flauk of the most northern 
part, called by the authors the Arctic Ural, 404. 
, western flank of the Arctic Ural, 406. 
, Jurassic rocks between these moun- 
tains and the Timan range, 417. 
, South, general geological structure of, 346, 
350. 
, how distinguished from the north, 420. 
, axis of, 437. 
, eastern flanks of the chain, 421, 446. 
, group of the mountains around Zlata- 
ust, from which the South Ural mountains radiate, 426. 
western flank, Permian rocks of, 145, 
461. 
, towards Simsk, 430. 
, general view of the eastern flank of, 444. 
, Messrs. Hofmann and Helmersen’s 
work on the South Ural, 445. 
, porphyry and jaspideous schist of the 
axis of, 454. 
, auriferous alluvia of, 487 et seg. 
river, general geological features on its banks, 444. 
, its traverse from Orsk to Orenburg, 446. 
, chalk on the banks of its lower course, 272. 
and Volga, lower steppe between, 316. 
Uralsk, on the Ural, white chalk, 272. 
Ural-tau, micaceous schist and quartz rock forming this crest, 
433. 
Urenga (South Ural), structure of micaceous and chloritic schist 
at, 428. 
Urmanzclair, a tributary of the Sakmara, psammitic grauwackd 
in the gorge of, 452. 
Urtazimsk, on the Ural river, carboniferous limestone south of, 
445. 
Urus (Aurochs'), a living species, possibly one of the large 
mammals formerly ranging over Northern Europe, 503. 
Usoliec, on the Lower Volga, the carb oniferous limestone capped 
there by a tufaceous conglomera te, 87. See Davidoff. 
, beds of the Permian system ne ar tp, 159. 
