INDEX. 
699 
Vitegra, Avicula antiqua found at, 209. 
, condition of the drift near, 516. 
river, carboniferous limestone cliffs on the banks of, 75. 
Vitegraski, near Vitegra, old red sandstone seen at, 49. 
- rivulet, expansion of the lower Devonian rocks on 
the banks of, 74. 
Vitlanka river (Orenburg), fossil ifero us siliceous beds of the 
Jurassic period near, 247. 
Vladimir, Fusulime observed by Fischer in the government of, 
b7. See Fwmlinat. 
, ammonites iu iron mines of, 213. 
VIoia (St.. Petersburg), calcareous flags (Silurian), at, 30*. 
, a section of lower Silurian beds exhibited at, 30*. 
Vogt, M., on Devonian fishes of the Eifel, 7*. 
Vol river (Timan range), Silurian schists on, 413. 
, Devonian rocks on, 414. (See PI. V. fig. 5.) 
, carboniferous limestone on, 415. 
Volborth, M., his memoir on Enhino-encrirms, 38. 
Volcanoes mud, in a line parallel with and near tlm Caucasus, 
575. 
Volchof (Siberia), descent of the Issetz to, 300. (See sketch 
of, 3G2, and section, PI. II. fig. l.) 
Volga river, length of its course, 21. 
, its importance in affording good geological sections, 21*. 
— , no carboniferous rocks to the cast of it until the flanks 
of the Ural mountains arc reached, 77. 
‘ > lofty clift's formed of the Fusuliua limestone on, 86. 
, section through ihc upper carboniferous limestone 
exhibited on the banks of, 86 to 88. See Fusulinw. 
, striking pboenomenon of high right bank and low left 
bank of, 21* 650. 
, red (Permian) marls seen in descending this river from 
Kostroma to Nijny Novgorod, 178. 
• •> tufaceous limestone (Permian) between Sviask and 
Tcheboksar on the, 180. 
• , Jurassic basin of the middle part of, 231. 
, black J urassiO shales on the banks of, 233. 
, bituminous schists of. 245. 
, cretaceous rocks of the lower part of, 273. 
• , eocene fossils at Antipofka on the banks of, 277, 283 
288. 
, lower steppe between tb.is river and the Ural moun- 
tains, 316. 
, ancient extension of the Caspian sea to Volsk and Svsran 
on the banks of, 324. 
, Jurassic rocks in the cliffs of, near Sariitof, 246. 
, erratic blocks on the banks of the, 520. 
its supply of water affected by the destruction of the 
forests in the tracts which feed it, 578. 
Volhynia, height of tlic western extremity of the granitic steppe 
of, 21. 
, miocenc te.rtiaries extend to, 283. 
Volkner, Colonel, his friendly assistance, 143. 
Volkof, or Volkhof river, Ungulite grit reposing on the blue 
shale near, 27*. 
, section on the banks of, 29. 
, section on, exhibitingthe passage of Silurian into Devo- 
nian beds, 43. 
, iehtbyolites of, differ from those found on the Priksha, 
44. 
Vologda, argillaceous limestones (Permian) seen in descending 
the Suchona from this place to Ustiug, 177. 
, vast spread of detritus at, 178. 
Volshaya (or Bolshaya) Gora, the height of this pass, 360. 
Volsk, on the Volga, section exhibiting chalk at, 274. 
and Sysran, on the Volga, ancient extension of the Cas- 
pian to, 325. 
Voltchia river, west-north-west limit of the carboniferous re- 
gion of Southern Russia, 89. 
Voltchia and Kalmiuss, stratified crystalline rocks of the, 91. 
Vornova, on the Oka, cliffs at, containing bituminous clay, sole 
representative of coal, 78. 
Vorona, Devonian rocks at its junction with the Don, 60. 
Voroneje, near the Don, Devonian strata of this tract best seen 
on the banks of the Devitza rivulet, 60. 
, Devonian limestones of, extremely fossiUferous, 61. 
, absence of Jurassic strata in the government of, 244. 
, cretaceous deposits near, 271. 
, northern erratic blocks extend to, 519. 
— , northern detritus on the Don near, 525. 
V oskresensk (South Ural), Permian cupriferous conglomerates 
Waiwara, in Esthonia, thickness of the ‘pleta’ limestone in 
the vicinity of, 33*. 
, angular blocks on the cliffs between this place and 
Jeive, 511. 
Wales, reference to the Silurian and crystalline rocks of, 2 et 
xni/., 436. 
Walachia and Moldavia, humus of, 564. 
Wangenheim, von Qualeti, Major, his geological sketch of the 
Permian rocks in the district round Bielebei, 141. 
, his kind assistance, 141, 152 ; 
his sketch of the succession near Sterlitamak, 461. 
Warsaw, sandstones of the same age as those of Brora and 
the east of Yorkshire, 241. 
, collections of cretaceous fossils in the Roval Museum 
of, 263. 
Water containing sulphuretted hydrogen in the baths of Ser- 
giefsk, 157. 
— ' its agency in producing the drift in Northern Europe, 
of Scandinavia, 542. 
Water-courses, their importance in working out the geology of 
Russia, 22. 
Watershed, lines of, in Russia, 20*. 
Waves of translation, tlieir efficiency as transporting agents, 
553. 
; j their agency necessary to explain the 
drift phenomena of Sweden, 545. 
probably the chief moving power iu 
transporting drift, 556. 
Wealden beds, absence of, in Russia, 260. 
Wenlock limestone represented in Sweden by the Gothland 
limestone, 18*. 
, its equivalent in the Russian isle of Oesel, 
35*. 
Wettern Lake, Sweden, sections near, 17*. 
Whetstone grits of the carboniferous period found on the Pet- 
chora river, 410. 
White limestone (carboniferous) of Archangel, 73 to 76. 
of Moscow, account of, 80. 
alternating with magnesian 
bands at Moscow, 81. 
and gypsum ^ Permian) of Shuran (Kama), 
162. 
White sea, M. Bohtlingk’s journey to, 22*. 
, the old red sandstone ranges up to the edges of tin: 
metamorphie rocks of, 49. 
, Oxfordian beds on the shores of the, 230. 
, blocks on the shores of the, 517. 
Wieliezka, tertiary salt deposits of, 290. 
Williams, Lady Sarah, Indian fossils collected by her, 256. 
Wissenhach schists, resemblance of, to the Dumanik schists on 
the Ukhta, 414. (See correction, p. 645.) 
Wissenstein (Esthonia), Pentamerus hand at, 34*. 
Wood, fossil, its association with copper ore, 154. 
Worth, M., his exertions in obtaining fossils from the red De- 
vonian marlstonc near Petersburg, 33. 
’Wrangel, Admiral von, bis voyage referred to, 498. 
Wyon, Mr. Leonard, his medal of the Emperor. (See Dedica- 
tion and Preface, xiv.) 
Y a kina (west flank of Ural), Devonian rocks seen at, 430. 
Yakutsk, permanently frozen soil at, 190. 
