Erect posture . Seems definitely homologous with the Upright 
Threat Posture of the Herring Gull. Very important. Obviously 
aggressive. Presumably, it is either lower intensity than the F 
or possibly less of the escape drive is activated? Sketch * 
(M. Mar 15, 3). When the male walks away in the Erect the female 
practically always follows him ( and vice versa). Hot used in 
the water very much (M. Mar 16, 12). 
Once a bird was seem walking in the Erect and uttering a 
most peculiar call. Staccato, hen-like, (like broken-up Choking) 
"kh-kh-kh-kh-kh-kh-kh" . (R. Mar 16, 17-18-19). & * 
He ad-flagging . Head is always turned away from partner or 
opponent. Seen in aggressive situations (M. Mar 16, 2-8). 
Sometimes the movement is repeated, and the head is reallv flagged 
(M. Mar 16, 2; R. Mar 16, 2-3-4-5-10). An extreme case of * 
HE went smoothly into Pr. (R. Mar 16, 7). Drawing, (M. Mar 16 15) 
showing the peculiarly twisted neck often seen. * 
Circular flights and orientation on return . Both sexes 
definitely make these flights . ~ 
When one member of pair returns to its sitting partner there 
seems to be a characteristic orientation. Sitting bird is 
practically always facing away from the incomer. White nape 
Prominently displayed. Is this merely coincidence, as 
sitting bird usually faces upwind? Doubt it. (M. Mar 16, 4). 
Choking . Surprisingly rare during this period. Very few 
birds do it, apparently. One example (M. Mar 13, 6). Seen 
once in preseumably aggressive situation (R. Mar 16, 3). 
One or two pairs in friendly choking. Low intensity, tail not 
raised, but with characteristic utterance. (R. Mar 16 2-S-4-7- 
14-15-16). 
Food-begging and feeding of female . Slight indication in 
courtship; (food-begging that is.) (M. Mar 14, 5). Food-begging 
in aggression? (M. Mar 14, 3). Friendly, with the characteristic 
noise and bob, from an F. (R. Mar 16, 3-11-12-13). Definite 
cases of food-begging by the female, leading nearly, or 
completely^ to feeding. (R. Mar 16, 19 ). Another case, (M Mar 16, 
15-17), where the male regurgitated and then swallowed again. 
During this performance he uttered sounds very much like 
Choking. 
Nest-building movements ??? Performed by both birds of pair, 
after food-begging. Especially when in Erect. (M. Mar 16, 18). 
Displacement? Feeding movements? Once the male picked up a leaf 
or a twig with this movement (M. Mar 16, 21). 
