434 
Fishery Bulletin 109(4) 
Table 1 
Measurements in proportion to standard length (SL) for Sebastes vulpes and S. zonatus. Data indicate ranges, means (in paren- 
theses), and sample sizes in). X indicates statistically a significant difference between the two species, demonstrated by analysis 
of covariance (ANCOVA) with standard length (SL) as a covariate. The specimens initially identified as S. vulpes by body color- 
ation but genetically assigned to S. zonatus in the principal coordinate analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphisms are 
shown separately (FAKU 82515 and FAKU 130236). ns=not significant. 
S. vulpes (n = 37) 
S. zonatus (n= 28) 
FAKU 82515 FAKU 130236 
ANCOVA 
Standard length (mm) 
156.4 
-249.9 
137.3- 
-286.4 
189.0 
154.8 
As % of SL 
Head length 
38.0-41.1 
(39.6, 37) 
37.7-41.3 
(39.3, 26) 
41.4 
40.4 
ns 
Snout length 
10.1-12.4 
(11.3, 37) 
9.3-11.9 
(10.7, 26) 
11.2 
11.6 
X 
Orbit length 
8.9-11.3 
(9.7, 37) 
9.0-12.0 
(10.4, 26) 
10.7 
10.2 
X 
Interorbital width 
6.5-8. 2 
(7.4, 37) 
6.6-8. 3 
(7.4, 26) 
7.0 
7.2 
ns 
Postorbital length 
19.1-21.8 
(20.3,37) 
18.8-21.9 
(20.2, 26) 
21.5 
20.6 
ns 
Upper jaw length 
19.1-21.6 
(20.5,37) 
19.5-21.2 
(20.1, 26) 
20.3 
21.6 
X 
Body depth 1 
35.9-40.7 
(38.3, 37) 
35.8-41.2 
(37.9, 26) 
38.6 
43.0 
ns 
Body depth 2 
27.5-33.9 
(30.3, 37) 
29.3-33.4 
(31.1, 26) 
30.6 
34.5 
ns 
Body width 
17.5-24.0 
(21.1, 37) 
16.1-23.5 
(18.7, 26) 
18.9 
22.2 
X 
Caudal peduncle depth 
10.2-12.4 
(11.5, 37) 
10.4-12.3 
(11.4, 26) 
12.2 
12.1 
ns 
Upper peduncle length 
10.0-13.2 
(11.7, 37) 
10.4-13.0 
(11.7, 26) 
10.7 
11.5 
ns 
Lower peduncle length 
16.4-20.6 
(18.6, 37) 
16.6-19.8 
(18.4, 26) 
18.5 
18.2 
Pectoral-fin length 
24.9-31.2 
(27.9, 37) 
26.7-31.1 
(28.8, 26) 
28.4 
27.8 
ns 
Pelvic-fin length 
20.2-24.1 
(22.1, 37) 
20.9-24.4 
(22.6, 26) 
22.8 
23.7 
ns 
Dorsal-fin base length 
56.2-65.2 
(60.3, 37) 
57.2-65.4 
(60.8, 26) 
61.5 
65.4 
ns 
Spinous dorsal-fin base length 
34.0-43.1 
(38.0, 37) 
34.2-40.9 
(37.7, 26) 
38.2 
41.5 
ns 
Soft dorsal-fin base length 
19.5-25.2 
(22.9, 37) 
19.8-25.6 
(22.8, 26) 
23.4 
24.7 
ns 
Preanal length 
64.6-74.3 
(68.3, 37) 
63.7-72.2 
(67.1, 26) 
66.5 
66.4 
ns 
Predorsal length 
34.0-38.1 
(35.8, 37) 
33.0-40.0 
(35.8, 26) 
35.9 
38.4 
ns 
Prepelvic length 
39.1-52.5 
(43.2, 37) 
39.5-55.8 
(43.5, 26) 
43.4 
44.1 
ns 
Anal-fin base length 
12.9-16.7 
(14.7, 37) 
13.7-16.7 
(14.9, 26) 
13.8 
14.4 
Pelvic-to-anal-fin length 
26.6-40.5 
(33.4, 37) 
26.4-37.1 
(33.0, 26) 
33.5 
32.9 
ns 
1st dorsal-fin spine length 
5. 3-8. 6 
(6.8, 37) 
5.6-8. 1 
(7.0, 25) 
6.8 
7.1 
2nd dorsal-fin spine length 
10.1-13.5 
(11.5, 37) 
10.6-13.9 
(11.8, 25) 
11.2 
12.3 
ns 
3rd dorsal-fin spine length 
13.5-18.2 
(15.3, 36) 
14.3-17.4 
(15.7, 26) 
15.8 
18.0 
ns 
1st anal-fin spine length 
5.0-8. 2 
(6.7, 37) 
6. 3-8. 5 
(7.3, 26) 
7.4 
7.8 
2nd anal-fin spine length 
12.1-15.5 
(13.4, 37) 
13.1-17.0 
(15.6, 26) 
13.2 
14.3 
3rd anal-fin spine length 
12.2-15.8 
(14.1,37) 
13.0-16.7 
(14.8, 25) 
13.7 
15.1 
Pelvic-fin spine length 
12.4-15.9 
(13.6, 36) 
13.2-15.6 
(14.6, 26) 
13.3 
14.8 
Gill raker length 
3.3— 4.5 
(3.8, 37) 
3. 0-4.7 
(4.1, 25) 
4.0 
— 
ns 
Discussion 
Genetic and morphological differentiation 
Variations in AFLP loci across the whole genome 
revealed marked genetic structure among the speci- 
mens examined. The PCoA with AFLP disclosed two 
genetically distinct groups, which corresponded well with 
initial S. vulpes and S. zonatus identifications that were 
based on body coloration (Fig. 3). Because the present 
specimens were collected from a single sampling locality, 
the clear genetic differences between S. vulpes and S. 
zonatus indicated that they are reproductively isolated 
from each other and should be recognized as separate 
species. Notwithstanding, two specimens with grayish 
body coloration reminiscent of S. vulpes were clearly 
genetically assigned to S. zonatus on the basis of the 
PCoA with AFLP. Such discordance may be indicative of 
some intraspecific variation in body coloration in S. zona- 
tus, or historical hybridization between S. vulpes and S. 
zonatus, as discussed below. Significant morphological 
differences also supported the validity of the two species. 
A PCA of body measurements resulted in clusters of S. 
vulpes and S. zonatus being almost completely sepa- 
rated, apart from a narrow overlap along the PC2 axis, 
the primary shape component (Fig. 5). Some countable 
characters also differed significantly between the two 
species. In addition, a restriction of gene flow between S. 
