156 
Fishery Bulletin 112(2-3) 
Increased movement costs should come at the ex- 
pense of strategies that reduce predation risk and 
increase growth and reproduction rates. Changes in 
atmospheric forcing with climate change are coherent 
over spatial scales of 1000s of kilometers (Hare and 
Able, 2007; Manderson, 2008; Shearman and Lentz, 
2010). As a result, climate-driven changes in habitat 
and persistence should affect the energy budgets and 
survival of many individuals over broad areas. These 
effects should be translated across a level of ecologi- 
cal organization to affect the birth and death rates of 
regional fish populations. 
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