Henderson et al.: Effects of sea-surface temperature on the occurrence of small cetaceans off Southern California 
177 
Effort 
Cruise 
Year 
Quarter 
Dsp 
Gg 
Lb 
646 
1980 
June-July 
8 
0 
0 
798 
1982 
April 
16 
15 
11 
674 
1983 
Dec 
19 
7 
0 
905 
1984 
Dec 
42 
13 
1 
CAMMS 
1991 
July-Oct 
50 
8 
10 
PODS 
1993 
July-Oct 
23 
3 
0 
ORCAWALE 
1996 
Aug-Nov 
30 
6 
1 
ORCAWALE 
2001 
July-Dee 
20 
7 
0 
CSCAPE 
2005 
Aug-Dec 
42 
2 
0 
Appendix 2 
The effective degrees of freedom (EDF) and P-values 
for each of the parameters included in the generalized 
additive model of sightings per unit effort in Southern 
California waters in 1979-2009 for each studied spe- 
cies of small cetacean: short-beaked common dolphin 
(Delphinus delphis ), long-beaked common dolphin ( D . 
capensis), Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus ), striped 
dolphin ( Stenella coeruleoalba ), bottlenose dolphin 
(Tursiops truncatus), northern right whale dolphin 
( Lissodelphis borealis), Pacific white-sided dolphin 
(Lagenorhynchus obliquidens ), and Dali’s porpoise 
(Phocoenoides dalli). Because the short- or long-beaked 
Lo 
Pd 
Sc 
Tt 
Dd 
Dc 
(km) 
0 
2 
0 
3 
NA 
NA 
2045 
8 
16 
0 
3 
NA 
NA 
1842 
18 
4 
0 
3 
NA 
NA 
562 
10 
3 
0 
3 
NA 
NA 
1179 
0 
0 
6 
3 
45 
2 
4210 
0 
0 
4 
1 
21 
0 
2610 
9 
0 
6 
4 
24 
2 
3936 
2 
0 
1 
7 
16 
1 
2540 
0 
6 
5 
4 
29 
6 
2951 
common dolphins were not recognized formally as dis- 
tinct until 1994, data for both species were used in 
a combined category in analyses. Note that no EDF 
was available for the 2 parametric variables (Quarter 
and SurveyType). SurveyType is the variable for the 
cruises, which were conducted by the NOAA South- 
west Fisheries Science Center and the the California 
Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations. Vari- 
able abbreviations: DepthMin=minimum depth (m), 
DepthMean=mean depth (m), MaxDepth=maximum 
depth (m), SeasAv=seasonal averaged sea-surface 
temperature (°C), ENSO=El Niho-Southern Oscilla- 
tion, and PDO=Pacific Decadal Oscillation. NA=not 
available. 
Species 
Parameter 
EDF 
P-value 
Species 
Parameter 
EDF 
P-value 
Both common 
Quarter 
NA 
<0.01 
Striped dolphin 
SurveyType 
NA 
<0.01 
dolphins 
SurveyType 
NA 
<0.01 
DepthMin 
1.73 
<0.01 
Slope 
6.97 
<0.01 
Bottlenose dolphin 
SurveyType 
NA 
<0.01 
DepthMax 
2.09 
<0.01 
DepthMean 
4.97 
<0.01 
SeasAv 
5.87 
<0.01 
PDO 
1.4 
0.03 
PDO 
1.97 
<0.01 
Northern right 
SurveyType 
NA 
<0.01 
Short-beaked 
Quarter 
NA 
<0.01 
whale dolphin 
DepthMax 
2.51 
<0.01 
common dolphin 
Slope 
3.12 
<0.01 
ENSO 
3.32 
<0.01 
DepthMean 
5.32 
<0.01 
SeasAv 
2.19 
<0.01 
SeasAv 
7.1 
<0.01 
Pacific white-sided 
Quarter 
NA 
<0.01 
Long-beaked 
Quarter 
NA 
0.02 
dolphin 
SurveyType 
NA 
<0.01 
common dolphin 
DepthMax 
1.98 
<0.01 
Slope 
1.57 
<0.01 
SeasAv 
2.46 
0.03 
DepthMean 
4.06 
<0.01 
ENSO 
3.82 
0.03 
PDO 
1.84 
0.01 
Risso’s dolphin 
Quarter 
NA 
<0.01 
Dali’s porpoise 
Quarter 
NA 
<0.01 
SurveyType 
NA 
<0.01 
SurveyType 
NA 
<0.01 
Slope 
5.33 
<0.01 
Slope 
1.61 
<0.01 
DepthMean 
5.09 
<0.01 
DepthMean 
3.81 
<0.01 
ENSO 
2.43 
<0.01 
PDO 
1.74 
0.01 
SeasAv 
3.39 
0.01 
SeasAv 
2.83 
<0.01 
