196 
Fishery Bulletin 112(2-3) 
White, M. L., and M. E. Chittenden. 
1977. Age determination, reproduction, and population 
dynamics of the Atlantic croaker, Micropogonias undu- 
latus. Fish. Bull. 75:109-123. 
Williams, J. P., J. T. Claisse, and D. J. Pondella II. 
2012. Patterns of life history and habitat use of an impor- 
tant recreational fishery species, spotfin croaker, and their 
potential fishery implications. Mar. Coast. Fish. 4:71-84. 
Wilson, C. A., and D. L. Nieland. 
1994. Reproductive biology of red drum, Sciaenops ocel- 
Appendix 
Table of sciaenid species in the U.S. Exclusive Eco- 
nomic Zone and life history metrics used in this study. 
An asterisk (*) indicates that values are reported for 
Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and Atlantic stocks combined. 
TL=total length, FL=fork length, SL=standard length, 
F=female, p=pooled, mo=months, y=years. Morphol- 
ogy Index ( b ) is defined as the exponent of weight at 
length from the power function A dash alone indicates 
that no data were available. The species include White 
Seabass ( Atractoscion nobilis), Silver Perch (Bairdiella 
chrysoura ), Black Croaker (Cheilotrema saturnum), 
Sand Seatrout ( Cynoscion arenarius ), Spotted Seatrout 
latus, from the neritic waters of the northern Gulf of 
Mexico. Fish. Bull. 92:841-850. 
Winemiller, K. 0. 
2005. Life history strategies, population regulation, and 
implications for fisheries management. Can. J. Fish. 
Aquat. Sci. 62:872-885. 
Winemiller, K. O., and K. A. Rose. 
1992. Patterns of life-history diversification in North 
American fishes: implications for population regula- 
tion. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49:2196-2218. 
( Cynoscion nebulosus ), Silver Seatrout ( Cynoscion noth- 
us), Shortfin Corvina (Cynoscion parvipinnis), Weakfish 
( Cynoscion regalis), White Croaker ( Genyonemus linea- 
tus), Spot ( Leiostomus xanthurus ), Southern Kingfish 
( Menticirrhus americanus), Gulf Kingfish (Menticirrhus 
littoralis), Northern Kingfish ( Menticirrhus saxatilis), 
California Corbina (Menticirrhus undulatus), Atlantic 
Croaker (Micropogonias undulatus). Black Drum ( Po - 
gonias cromis), Spotfin Croaker (Roncador stearnsi), 
Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), Queenfish ( Seriphus 
politus ), and Yellowfin Croaker (Umbrina roncador ). 
x=mean value. 
Relative 
fecundity 
Max 
Spawning- 
(eggs g' 1 
Max 
length 
season 
Spawning 
ovary-free 
Age at 
Size at 
Morphology 
age 
(TLJ 
duration 
frequency 
body 
maturity 
maturity 
index 
Species 
Region (y) 
(mm TL) 
(mo) 
(d) 
weight) 
(y) 
(mm) 
(b) 
References 
White Seabass 
Pacific 
20 
1660 
6-8 
- 
- 
4 
610 TL 
2.94 
7,22,41,44 
Silver Perch 
GOM 
4-5 
250 
3 
1.3-1. 6 
863 
0+ 
110-120 TL 
2.93 (F) 
8,21 
Black Croaker 
Pacific 
21 
394 
5 
- 
- 
1+ 
182 TL 
2.92 
20,30 
Sand Seatrout a 
GOM 
3 
(574) 
7 
2.8 
348 
0+ to 1 
147 SL 
3.08 to 3.24(F) 
16,42,43 
Spotted Seatrout 
Atlantic 
15 
796 (854) 
3-5 
3. 2-6. 5 
319 
1-2 
280-350 TL 
2.99 (F) 
5,6,34 
GOM 
9 
712(817) 
6-6.5 
2.6-5 
250-650 
1 
245-285 TL 
2.86(F) 
6,34,36 
Silver Seatrout 
GOM 
1.5 
380 
5.5 
- 
878 
0+ 
123-164 TL 
3.0 1( p ) 
13,42 
Shortfin Corvina 
Pacific 
- 
690 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
3.00 
23 
Weakfish 
Atlantic 
8 
950 
3.5 
2.6-12.6 
375-880 
1 
170 TL 
2.86 to 2.98 
27,28,37 
White Croaker 
Pacific 
13-15 
410-432 
7-10 
5 
19-180 
1 
130-150 TL 
2.94 
19,22,26,41 
Spot 
GOM 
2-3,5 
250 
5 
- 
267-2948 
(x=1607) 
1+ 
127 TL 
2.95 (p) 
10,38,42 
Southern Kingfish 
Atlantic 
5 
418.9(F) 
290.7 (M) 
6 
2. 0-4. 2 
309 
1.1 
199 TL 
3.13 b < c 
29 
GOM 
4+ 
348(303) 
6 
6.9 
231 
1 
171 TL 
3.17(F) 
This study 
Gulf Kingfish 
* 
2 
483 
4 
- 
- 
- 
210 TL 
2.87(p) 
1,23 
Northern Kingfish 
* 
4 
450-500 
- 
- 
- 
1 
186-230 TL 
3.08(p) 
1 
California Corbina 
Pacific 
8 
710 
5 
- 
- 
3 (F) 
325 TL 
3.07 (p) 
17,24,41 
Atlantic Croaker 
Atlantic 
7 
521 
6 
- 
1240-1818 
(x=1529) 
1+ 
173 TL 
3.23 (p) 
2,32,40 
GOM 
3-5,8 
369 
4-8 
- 
519-1581 
(x=1050) 
1+ 
140-170 TL 
3.14 (p) 
or 2.87(p) 
3,10,14,15,25, 
38,42,45 
Black Drum 
GOM 
43 
1500 
2,4 
3-4 
67-793 
5 
600-649 FL 
3.05 (p) 
4,18,33,35 
Spotfin Croaker d 
Pacific 
24 
675-700 
4 
- 
545 
3(F) 
312 TL 
2.94 (p) 
7,24,31,46 
Red Drum 
Atlantic 
33 
1119 
3 
- 
- 
6 
900 TL 
3.03 (F) 
33 
GOM 
24 
992 
3 
2-4 
42-447 
4 
700 TL 
3.10 (F) 
9,33,47 
