,Vi Isa et al.: Establishing species-habitat associations for 4 eteline snappers 
301 
T' 
a 
c/3 
+ 
E 
o 
o> 
c 
0) 
o 
i hard-high ■ hard-low □ soft-high □ soft-low sBRFA 
, Opakapaka (90-210 m) , 
37 1 2 0 40 13 19 2 0 34 32 62 7 0 101 22 50 10 6 88 0 28 0 0 28 24 114 18 3 159128 274 39 9 
Kalekale {180-270 m) 
acd; ! 
C ' 
13116 11 2 ISO 21 0 8 0 29 0 1 0 0 1 58 13 74 0 145 0 85 0 0 85 40 0 7 0 47 250115100 2 
Onaga (210-300 m) , 
23 39 0 0 62 0 3 0 0 3 1 7 0 0 8 43 14 2 0 59 0 1 17 0 0 1 17 10 0 0 0 10 77 180 2 0 
Habitat 
Figure 4 
Mean fork length with standard deviation (SD) by location of bottomfish restricted fishing area 
(BRFA; i.e., combined area inside and outside a BRFA), by habitat type combined for all BRFA 
locations (habitat), and by habitat type in each BRFA location (BRFAxhabitat) for Opakapaka 
(. Pristipomoides filamentosus), Kalekale (P. sieboldii), Onaga (Etelis coruscans ), and Ehu (E. 
carbunculus ) within the preferred depths of each species in the main Hawaiian Islands. A 
baited stereo-video camera system (BotCam) was used to collect data from May 2007 to June 
2009. Columns that have the same letter (uppercase type for BRFA; lowercase, bold, italic type 
for habitat; lowercase type for BRFAxhabitat) are not significantly different from each other 
(P>0.05, post hoc permutational analysis of variance [PERMANOVA] testing). Number below 
each column is the number of fish measured. For protection effects, refer to Table 3. The 4 habi- 
tat classifications used in our study were hard substrate with high slope (hard-high), hard sub- 
strate with low slope (hard-low), soft substrate with high slope (soft-high), and soft substrate 
with low slope (soft-low). The 8 sampled BRFAs were (B) Niihau, (D) Kaena, (E) Makapuu, (F) 
Penguin Bank, (H) Pailolo Channel, and (L) Hilo. Error bars indicate ±1 SD of the mean. 
