Porter and Bailey: Using measurements of muscle cell nuclear RNA to assess larval condition of Gadus chalcogrammus 
349 
Table 4 
Results of larval condition for laboratory-reared larvae of Walleye Pollock ( Gadus chalcogrammus) sampled in 
2009, 2010, and 2011. Independent cross-validation testing of models without (control) and with (test) the ratio 
of the number of S-phase nuclei to the number of Gl-phase nuclei with high nuclear RNA content (RSG1) in- 
cluded as a covariate. The arcsin Vx transformation was used to normalize the fraction of cells in the S phase 
of the cell cycle, fraction of cells in the G2/M phases of the cell cycle, and RSG1. G2/M=fraction of nuclei in the 
G2 and M phases combined. Cell-cycle phases: S=DNA synthesis, G2=gap 2 or cell growth before mitosis, and 
M=mitosis. 
Control model 
Covariates: standard length, temperature, arcsin -y/S- phase fraction 
, arcsin J G2/M- phase fraction 
Treatment 
Healthy 
Classification 
Unhealthy 
Percentage correct 
Always-fed 
42 
7 
86 
Unfed 
1 
29 
97 
Overall correct 
90 
Test model 
Covariates: standard length, temperature, arcsin ^/S- phase fraction 
, arcsin ^/G2/M- phase fraction , arcsin V RSG1 
Treatment 
Healthy 
Classification 
Unhealthy 
Percentage correct 
Always-fed 
44 
5 
90 
Unfed 
0 
30 
100 
Overall correct 
94 
Table 5 
Percentages of nuclei in the G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases of the cell cycle, the ratio of the number of S-phase nuclei to the 
number of Gl-phase nuclei with high nuclear RNA content (RSG1), nuclear RNA fluorescence, and DNA fluorescence for 
muscle cell nuclei from fresh and frozen larvae of Walleye Pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) sampled in 2011. Fluorescence 
values are arbitrary units and were adjusted on the basis of controls to make samples comparable among sessions of flow 
cytometry. Standard errors of geometric means of nRNA and DNA fluorescence (all cell-cycle phases pooled), of means for 
RSG1 and percentages of nuclei in cell-cycle phases are reported in parentheses. G0/Gl=percentage of nuclei in GO and G1 
phases combined, G2/M= percentage of nuclei in G2 and M phases combined. Cell-cycle phases: Gl=gap 1 or cell growth be- 
fore cell division, G0=resting state from G1 phase, S=DNA synthesis, G2=gap 2 or cell growth before mitosis, and M=mitosis. 
Treatment 
n 
Percentage of 
nuclei in 
G0/G1 
Percentage of 
nuclei in 
S phase 
Percentage of 
nuclei in 
G2/M phases 
RSG1 
nRNA 
fluorescence 
DNA 
fluorescence 
Fresh tissue 
18 
76.7 (1.2) 
20.64 (0.97) 
2.63 (0.42) 
0.37 (0.03) 
22.22 (0.43) 
14,691.03 (194.93) 
Frozen 
4 weeks 
11 
85.3 (0.8) 
11.78 (1.27) 
2.96 (0.73) 
0.18 (0.01) 
23.72 (0.68) 
12,082.43 (137.11) 
Frozen 
3 months 
10 
87.4(1.0) 
8.22 (1.22) 
4.36 (0.59) 
0.18 (0.02) 
21.30 (0.59) 
12,866.44(187.72) 
Frozen 
6 months 
6 
87.8 (1.4) 
8.50 (1.85) 
3.71 (1.05) 
0.20 (0.02) 
23.69 (0.68) 
14,280.30 (144.20) 
Frozen 
10 months 
8 
88.2 (1.4) 
10.01 (2.00) 
1.79 (0.84) 
0.19 (0.03) 
22.83 (0.82) 
14,104.69 (221.88) 
