TO WORONETZ. 
2.55 
shafts, without any level, or even inclined plane. 
There are also in the vicinity of Udgino, upon 
the eastern banks of the Don, mines of iron which 
are now worked; but as they have hitherto 
neglected the analysis of their ores, and, instead 
of making any selection, mix the whole together 
without the smallest attention to quality, the 
metal turns out to be brittle, defective, and 
altogether bad. In the forges of Tula, where 
more caution is used in this respect, the iron is 
of a very superior nature. 
In the streets of Eletz we observed large 
heaps of stone, for the purpose of building, 
whereof the substance was porous, and per- 
forated in all directions by a deposit of marine 
animals. It resembled the kind of limestone 
found on the banks of the Moscva, but was more 
marked by impressions of organized bodies. 
Visiting the high banks of the river near the 
town, we found large masses of a similar deposit, 
lying in regular strata 1 . Hereafter we shall 
take occasion to shew, that such appearances 
may be observed in all the great Oriental Plain, 
inclined from the Aral, the Caspian, and the Sea 
(>) We found here the Veronica Serpyllifolia, a Cineraria, which we 
believed to be the Sibirica; and a new species of Gypsophila, grow- 
ing with Geutn Itivale and Ranunculus Aurieomus. 
CHAP. 
X. 
' 
