WORONETZ. 
Yet the inhabitants experience very great ex- 
tremes of temperature ; having sometimes, ac- 
cording to the thermometer of Reaumur, thirty 
degrees of cold in the winter, and twenty-eight 
degrees of heat' in the summer. They use the 
precaution of double casements to their win- 
dows, as at Moscow and Petersburg, and have 
very large stoves in all their apartments. In 
the “ Journal des Savans V yyageurs," published 
at Berne in 1792, a commentator attempts to 
explain the cause of the extraordinary difference 
observed in the productions of the climate and 
soil of Woronetz, when compared with those of 
other countries in the same latitude ; by saying 
that the nature of the soil necessarily supplies 
that which the climate would not otherwise af- 
ford 2 . The earth is strongly impregnated with 
nitrat of potass in all the environs of Woronetz ; 
and it is to the presence of this mineral that the 
extraordinary fertility of the Ukraine has been 
attributed. The whole country south of Tula 
abounds with it; insomuch that it sometimes 
effloresces on the soil ; and several fabrics for ex- 
tracting it have been established. The immediate 
soil below the town of Woronetz is sand ; upon 
(l) Equal to ninety-five of Fahrenheit. 
(1) See Note to p. 116. Voyages chez les Peoples Kalmouks el les 
Tartares. 
