VVORONETZ. 
of the shops. They also manufacture cloth for 
the army ; aud have a building for the prepara- 
tion of vitriol. Large balls of whiting are piled 
up before their doors, as in Moscow, Tula, and 
other places. The cloth factory was established 
by Peter the Great, and is the most consi- 
derable in Russia. Peter resided here in the 
year 1705 ; and at the same time was also 
engaged in building Petersburg. In the pre- 
paration of tallow, they consume the cattle of 
the country, and, boiling them down, make two 
sorts. The first sort is exported to England; 
the second used in Russia, in making soap. Ten 
pouds of the best quality sells sometimes ' in 
Petersburg as high as sixty-three roubles. The 
carriage from IVoronetz to Petersburg costs about 
eighty copeeks per poud. If the merchants con- 
tract with English dealers in Petersburg to the 
amount of one hundred thousand roubles, they 
Receive from them fifty thousand in advance, to 
enable them to buy cattle. This practice of 
purchasing cattle to boil into tallow has, of late 
years, enormously advanced the price of meat. 
Fourteen years ago, a poud of beef sold in 
IVoronetz for twenty-six copeeks ; a. poud of mutton 
for thirty : now the poud of beef costs two roubles, 
and the poud of mutton sixty copeeks. In return 
for the corn carried annually to Tcherkask and 
to Azof they bring back raisins, figs, Greek wines, 
