TO PAULOVSKOY. 
281 
although uninclosed grounds near the villages, chap. 
covering several acres of land. i 
At Celo Usmany we were employed in col- Ceio Us- 
lecting plants. The Echium rubrum, falsely ” 
called Italicum by Gmelin, we first noticed 
about this place, and it was afterwards very 
common. It grows chiefly among corn. The 
women of the Don use it in painting their 
cheeks ; the root, when fresh, yielding a beau- 
tiful vermilion tint. The peasants also extract 
from it a gum. It is engraven in the “ Journal 
des Savans Voyageurs.” Gmelin recommended 
its transplantation, and the application of its 
colouring properties to objects of more im- 
portance. We observed also the Spircra Jilipen- 
dula, which is found upon the Hills near 
Cambridge, and some varieties of the Centaurea; 
also the Onosma echio'ides, Veronica Austriaca, 
Pedicularis tuberosa, and Salvia pratensis. It is 
from the root of the Onosma that the Tahtar 
women obtain their rouge. 
Usmany is entirely inhabited by Russians .* 
and whenever this is the case, towards the 
south of the empire, a village resembles no- 
thing more than a number of stacks of straw 
°r of dried weeds. The female peasants were 
seated upon the turf, before their huts, spinning. 
