APPENDIX, N° II. 
467 
without which the fabrics and manufactories 
in the interior cannot exist. All these im- 
provements, or rather new regulations, are 
carrying into execution very slowly. To the 
foreign, or export trade of this river, most 
certainly the Leman, or its estuary, opposes 
great difficulties. Its influx into the Euxine 
being through several branches, and its cur- 
rent extremely slow, it is natural that sand 
banks should be formed. In summer it has 
hardly six feet water, and merchant vessels 
are obliged to load beyond its mouth (thirty- 
five versts), at the Guhokaya pristan, or deep 
wharf; which, notwithstanding its denomination, 
is very unfit for the purpose; the road being 
at times unnavigable from November to May: 
and when the dock-yard was at Cherson, the 
men-of-war were obliged to be transported, 
on camels, over the sand flats, with which 
the Leman abounds. These two inconveniences 
forced Government to look for a more eligible 
situation ; and Nicholaef, by its favourable situation 
on the Bog and the Ingul, was chosen for the 
seat of the Admiralty, and the yard for building 
men-of-war ; which place, however, is not 
convenient for trade, as having too distant a 
communication with the Dnieper. Trading- 
vessels lost so much time in going up the Bog, 
even with a favourable wind, that more time 
