Zwolinski et a!.: Distributions and abundances of Sardinops sagax and other pelagic fishes in the California Current Ecosystem 
121 
developed, possibly describing the habitat in three- 
dimensions, for spatial and temporal optimization of 
sampling designs. Furthermore, TS models should be 
improved and confirmed for the various species present 
in the CCE in relation to variable size, physiological 
characteristics, and environment. 
Conclusion 
This work provides the first time-series of fisheries-inde- 
pendent estimates of the abundances and distributions 
of multiple CPS in the CCE. The results emphasize the 
value of acoustic-trawl surveys for efficient, long-term 
monitoring of CPS communities in large marine ecosys- 
tems. The time series of sardine abundance will be used 
in the annual assessment of the stock (Hill et al., 2006; 
PFMC, 2011a, 2011b), and the estimated distributions 
and abundances of multiple CPS will provide necessary 
information for a transition from single-species assess- 
ments to an ecosystem approach to fisheries manage- 
ment (Ecosystem Principles Advisory Panel, 2001). 
Acknowledgments 
We are very grateful to the numerous scientists and 
technicians from the Southwest Fisheries Science Center 
that collected and archived the data from the acoustic- 
trawl surveys. We thank R. Vetter, Director of the Fish- 
eries Resources Division at SWFSC, and the Portuguese 
Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-MCES) for 
funding J. P. Zwolinski’s postdoctoral internship (SFRH/ 
BPD/44834/ 2008) with D. A. Demer at SWFSC. Finally, 
we thank the three anonymous reviewers for their con- 
structive suggestions and comments. 
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