Lough and O'Brien: Life-stage recruitment models for Gadus morhua and Melanogrammus aeglefinus on Georges Bank 
139 
Friedland, K. D., J. A. Hare, G. B. Wood, L. A. Col, L. J. Buckley, 
D. G. Mountain, J. Kane, J. Brodziak, R. G. Lough, and C. H. 
Pilskaln. 
2008. Does the fall phytoplankton bloom control recruit- 
ment of Georges Bank Haddock, Melanogrammus aegle- 
finus, through parental condition? Can. J. Fish. Aquat. 
Sci. 65:1076-1086. 
Garrison, L. P., W. Michaels, J. S. Link, and M. J. Fogarty. 
2000. Predation risk on larval gadids by pelagic fish in 
the Georges Bank ecosystem. I. Spatial overlap associ- 
ated with hydrographic features. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. 
Sci. 57:2455-2469. 
Hare, J. A., M. A. Alexander, M. J. Fogarty, E. H. Williams, and 
J. D. Scott. 
2010. Forecasting the dynamics of a coastal fishery spe- 
cies using a coupled climate-population model. Ecol. 
Appl. 20:452-464. 
Hauser, J. W., and M. P. Sissenwine. 
1991. The uncertainty in estimates of the production 
of larval fish derived from samples of larval abun- 
dance. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 48:23-32. 
Head, E. J. H., D. Brickman, and L. R. Harris. 
2005. An exceptional haddock year class and unusual 
environmental conditions on the Scotian Shelf in 
1999. J. Plankton Res. 27:597-602. 
Heath, M. R., and R. G. Lough. 
2007. A synthesis of large-scale patters in the planktonic 
prey of larval and juvenile cod ( Gadus morhua). Fish. 
Oceanogr. 16:169-185. 
Houde, E. D. 
2009. Chapter 3. Recruitment variability. In Fish repro- 
ductive biology (T. Jakobsen, M. J. Fogarty, B. A. Megrey, 
and E. Moksness, eds.), p. 91-171. Wiley-Blackwell, 
Indianapolis, IN. 
Kristiansen, T., K. F. Drinkwater, R. G. Lough, and S. Sundby. 
2011. Recruitment variability in North Atlantic cod and 
match-mismatch dynamics. PLoS ONE 6(3): el7456. 
doi: 10. 137 1/journal, pone. 00 17456. 
Laurence, G. C., A. A. Smigielski, T. A. Halavik, and B. R. Burns. 
1981. Implications of direct competition between larval 
cod (Gadus morhua L.) and haddock (Melanogrammus 
aeglefinus) in laboratory growth and survival studies 
at different food densities. Rapp. P.-V. Reun. Cons. 
Int. Explor. Mer 178:304-311. 
Link, J. S., and L. P. Garrison. 
2002. Trophic ecology of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua on 
the northeast US continental shelf. Mar. Ecol. Prog. 
Ser. 227:109-123. 
Link, J. S., W. T. Stockhausen, G. Skaret, W. Overholtz, B. A. 
Megrey, H. Gjpsaeter, S. Gaichas, A. Dommasnes, J. Falk- 
Petersen, J. Kane, F. J. Mueter, K. D. Friedland, and J. A. Hare. 
2009. A comparison of biological trends from four marine 
ecosystems: Synchronies, differences, and commonali- 
ties. Prog. Oceanogr. 81:29-46. 
Lough, R. G. 
2010. Juvenile cod (Gadus morhua) mortality and the 
importance of bottom sediment type to recruitment on 
Georges Bank. Fish. Oceanogr. 19:159- 181. 
Lough, R. G., L. J. Buckley, F. E. Werner, J. A. Quinlan, and 
K. Pehrson Edwards. 
2005. A general biophysical model of larval cod (Gadus 
morhua) growth applied to populations on Georges 
Bank. Fish. Oceanogr 14:241-262. 
Lough, R. G., C. G. Hannah, P. Berrien, D. Brickman, J. W. 
Loder, and J. A. Quinlan. 
2006. Spawning pattern variability and its effect on reten- 
tion, larval growth and recruitment in Georges Bank 
cod and haddock. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 310:193-212. 
Lough, R. G., and D. G. Mountain. 
1996. Effect of small-scale turbulence on feeding rates of 
larval cod and haddock in stratified water on Georges 
Bank. Deep-Sea Res., pt. II 43:1745-1772. 
Lough, R.G., L. O’Brien, and L. J. Buckley. 
2008. Differential egg mortality of Georges Bank cod 
and haddock inferred from two independent estimates 
of seasonal egg production. J. Northwest Atl. Fish. 
Sci. 41:119-128. 
McIntyre, T. M., and J. A. Hutchings. 
2003. Small-scale temporal and spatial variation in 
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) life history. Can. J. Fish. 
Aquat. Sci. 60:1111-1121. 
MacKenzie, B. R., T. J. Miller, S. Cyr, and W. C. Leggett. 
1994. Evidence for a dome-shaped relationship between 
turbulence and larval fish ingestion rates. Limnol. 
Oceanogr. 39:1790-1799. 
Manning, J., and G. Strout. 
2001. Georges Bank winds: 1975-1997. Deep-Sea Res., 
pt. II, 48:115-135. 
Mantzouni, L, H. Sorensen, R. B. O’Hara, and B. R. MacKenzie. 
2010. Hierarchical modeling of temperature and habitat 
size effects on population dynamics of North Atlantic 
cod. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 67:833- 855. 
Maunder, M. N., and G. M. Watters. 
2003. A general framework for integrating environmen- 
tal time series into stock assessment models: model 
description, simulation testing, and example. Fish. 
Bull. 101:89-99. 
Miller, T. J. 
2007. Contribution of individual-based coupled physi- 
cal biological models to understand recruitment in 
marine fish populations. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 347:127- 
138. 
Mountain, D., P. Berrien, and J. Sibunka. 
2003. Distribution, abundance and mortality of cod and 
haddock eggs and larvae on Georges Bank in 1995 and 
1996. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 363:247-260. 
Mountain, D., J. Green, J. Sibunka, and D. Johnson. 
2008. Growth and mortality of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua 
and haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus eggs and larvae 
on Georges Bank, 1995 to 1999. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 
353:225-242. 
Mountain, D. G., and J. Kane. 
2010. Major changes in the Georges Bank ecosystem, 
1980s to the 1990s. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 398:81-91. 
Morse, W. W. 
1989. Catchability, growth, and mortality of larval 
fishes. Fish. Bull. 87:417- 446. 
Mueter, F. J., C. Broms, K. F. Drinkwater, K. D. Friedland, 
J. A. Hare. G. L. Hunt Jr., W. Melle, and M. C. Taylor. 
2009. Ecosystem responses to recent oceanographic vari- 
ability in high-latitude Northern Hemisphere ecosys- 
tems. Prog. Oceanogr. 81:93-110. 
Murawski, S. A., P. J. Rago, and E. A. Trippel. 
2001. Impacts of demographic variation in spawning char- 
acteristics on reference points for fishery management. 
ICES J. Mar. Sci. 58:1002-1014. 
Myers, R. A., and N. G. Cadigan. 
1993. Density-dependent juvenile mortality in ma- 
rine demersal fish. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50: 
1576-1590. 
NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 
2008. NOAA Fisheries Toolbox. Virtual Population Analy- 
