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Fishery Bulletin 110(4) 
Table 3 
Patterns of spawning frequency by age or size based on a review of spawning frequency within the scientific literature on fish 
reproduction. 
Spawning frequency 
Species 
Reference(s) 
Increases with size or age 
Atherina boyeri (sand smelt, Atherinidae) 
Tomasini et ah, 1996 
Cynoscion nebulosus (spotted seatrout, Sciaenidae) 
Crabtree and Adams 7 ; 
Roumillat and Brouwer, 
2004; Brown-Peterson, 2003; 
Lowerre-Barbieri et al., 2009 
Danio rerio (zebra danio, Cyprinidae) 
Uusi-Heikkila et ah, 2010 
Engraulis mordax (northern anchovy, Engraulidae) 
Parrish et ah, 1986 
Engraulis ringens (Peruvian anchoveta, Engraulidae) 
Claramunt et ah, 2004, 2007 
Gasterosteus aculeatus (threespine stickleback, Gasterosteidae) 
Wootton, 1973 
Hemiramphus brasiliensis (ballyhoo, Hemiramphidae) 
McBride and Thurman, 2003 
Limanda aspera (yellowfin sole, Pleuronectidae) 
Nichol and Acuna, 2001 
Lutjanus campechanus (red snapper, Lutjanidae) 
Collins et ah, 2001 
Melanogrammus aeglefinus (haddock, Gadidae) 
Trippel and Neil, 2004 
Merluccius hubbsi (Argentine hake, Merlucciidae) 
Macchi et ah, 2004 
Mycteroperca microlepis (gag, Serranidae) 
Collins et ah, 1998 
Ocyurus chvysurus (yellowtail snapper, Lutjanidae) 
Trejo-Martinez et ah, 2011 
Sardinops ocellatus (southern African pilchard, Clupeidae) 
LeClus, 1989 
Sardina pilchardus (true sardine, Clupeidae) 
Perez et ah 2 ; Garcia et ah, 
1992; Quintanilla and Perez, 
2000; Ganias et ah, 2003a 
Sciaenops ocellatus (red drum, Sciaenidae) 
Roberts et ah, 1978 
Scomber japonicus (Pacific chub mackerel, Scombridae) 
Dickerson et ah, 1992 
Solea solea (sole, Soleidae) 
Witthames 3 
Sprattus sprattus balticus (Baltic sprat, Clupeidae) 
Kraus and Koster, 2004 
Tautoga onitis (tautog, Labridae) 
LaPlante and Schultz, 2007 
Thunnus albacares (yellowfin tuna, Scombridae) 
McPherson, 1991 
Decreases with size or age 
Clupea bentincki (Chilean herring, Clupeidae)_ 
Cubillos et ah, 2007 
Engraulis australis (Australian anchovy, Engraulidae) 
Dimmlich et ah, 2009 
Engraulis ringens (Peruvian anchoveta, Engraulidae) 
Cubillos et ah, 2007 
Gadus rnorhua (Atlantic cod, Gadidae) 
Kjesbu et ah, 1996 
No change with size or age 
Decapterus punctatus (round scad, Carangidae) 
McBride et ah, 2002 
Engraulis mordax (northern anchovy, Engraulidae) 
Hunter and Macewicz, 1980 
Gadus morhua (Atlantic cod, Gadidae) 
Kjesbu, 1989 
Hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis (lemon tetra, Characidae) 
Burt et ah, 1988 
Lepomis gibbosus (pumpkinseed, Centrarchidae) 
Fox and Crivelli, 1998 
Pogonias cromis (black drum, Sciaenidae) 
Nieland and Wilson, 1993 
Seriphus politus (queenfish, Sciaenidae) 
DeMartini and Fountain, 1981 
Stegastes partitus (bicolor damselfish, Pomacentridae) 
Cole and Sadovy, 1995 
Tilapia zillii (redbelly tilapia, Cichlidae) 
Coward and Bromage, 1999 
1 Crabtree, R. E., and D. H. Adams. 1998. Spawning and fecundity of spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus, in the Indian River Lagoon, 
Florida. In Investigations into nearshore and estuarine gamefish abundance, ecology, and life history in Florida, p. 526-566. Technical Report 
for Federal Aid in Sportfish Restoration Act Project F-59. Florida Dept. Environmental Protection, Florida Mar. Res. Inst., St. Petersburg, FL. 
2 Perez, N., A. Garcia, N. C. H. 
Lo, and C. Franco. 1989. The egg production method applied to the spawning biomass estimation of sardine (S. 
pilchardus, Walb.) in the North-Atlantic Spanish coast. ICES Council Meeting (CM) Doc.l989/H:23, p. 1 
-20. 
3 Witthames, P. R. 2003. Methods to assess maturity and realized fecundity illustrated by studies on Dover sole Solea solea. In Report of the 
Working group of modern approaches to assess maturity and fecundity of warm- and cold-water fish and squids; 4-7 September 2001, Bergen, 
Norway (O. S. Kjesbu, J. R. Hunter and P. R. Witthames, eds.), Fisken og havet. no. 12-2003, p. 125-138. 
Inst. Mar. Res., Bergen, Norway. 
