Byrd et at: Standings as indicators of marine mammal biodiversity and human interactions 
21 
Barlow, J. 
1999. Trackline detection probability for long-diving 
whales. In Marine mammal survey and assessment 
methods. Proceedings of the symposium on surveys, sta- 
tus, and trends of marine mammal populations, Seattle, 
25-27 February 1998 (G. W. Garner, S. C. Amstrup, J. L. 
Laake, B. F. J. Manly, L. L. McDonald, and D. G. Rob- 
ertson, eds.), p. 209-221. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 
Netherlands. 
Bigg, M. A. 
1981. Harbour seal Phoca vitulina Linnaeus, 1758 and P. 
largha Pallas, 1811. In Handbook of marine mammals, 
volume 2: seals (S. H. Ridgway and R. J. Harrison, eds.), 
p. 1-27. Academic Press, Inc., New York. 
Bogomolni, A. L., K. R. Pugliares, S. M. Sharp, K. Patchett, C. 
T. Harry, J. M. LaRocque, K. M. Touhey, and M. Moore. 
2010. Mortality trends of stranded marine mammals on 
Cape Cod and southeastern Massachusetts, USA, 2000 
to 2006. Dis. Aquat. Org. 88:143-155. 
Bonner, W. N. 
1981. Grey seal Halichoerus grypus Fabricius, 1791. In 
Handbook of marine mammals, volume 2: seals (S. H. 
Ridgway and R. J. Harrison, eds.), p. 111-144. Aca- 
demic Press, Inc., New York. 
Boulva J., and I. A. McLaren. 
1979. Biology of the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina, in east- 
ern Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. No. 200, 24 p. 
Boyd, I. L., C. Lockyer, and H. D. Marsh. 
1999. Reproduction in marine mammals. In Biology of 
marine mammals (J. E. Reynolds, III, and S. A. Rom- 
mel, eds.), p. 218-286. Smithsonian Inst. Press, Wash- 
ington, D.C. 
Briggs, J. C. 
1974. Marine zoogeography, 475 p. McGraw-Hill Book 
Co., New York. 
Burns, J. J. 
2009. Harbor seal and spotted seal (Phoca vitulina and 
P. largha ). In Encyclopedia of marine mammals, 2 nd 
ed. (W. F. Perrin, B. Wursig, and J. G. M. Thewissen, 
eds.), p. 533-542. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA. 
Byrd, B. L., A. A. Hohn, F. H. Munden, G. N. Lovewell, and R. 
E. Lo Piccolo. 
2008. Effects of commercial fishing regulations on 
stranding rates of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops trunca- 
tus). Fish. Bull. 106:72-81. 
Campbell-Malone, R., S. G. Barco, P.-Y. Daoust, A. R. Knowl- 
ton, W. A. McLellan, D. S. Rotstein, and M. J. Moore. 
2008. Gross and histologic evidence of sharp and blunt 
trauma in North Atlantic right whales ( Eubalaena gla- 
cialis) killed by ships. J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 39:37-55. 
Cassoff, R., W. A. McLellan, S. G. Barco, K. Touhey-Moore, and 
M. J. Moore. 
2011. Lethal entanglement in baleen whales. Dis. 
Aquat. Org. 96:175-185. 
Cerame-Vivas, M. J., and I. E. Gray. 
1966. The distributional pattern of benthic invertebrates 
of the continental shelf off North Carolina. Ecology 
47:260-270. 
Chivers, S. J., R. G. Leduc, K. M. Robertson, N. B. Barros, and 
A. E. Dizon. 
2005. Genetic variation of Kogia spp. with preliminary 
evidence for two species of Kogia sima. Mar. Mamm. 
Sci. 21:619-634. 
Cione, J. J., S. Raman, and L. J. Pietrafesa. 
1993. The effect of Gulf Stream-induced baroclinicity on 
U.S. East Coast winter cyclones. Mon. Weather Rev. 
121:421-430. 
Cox, T. M., T. J. Ragen, A. J. Read, E. Vos, R. W. Baird, K. 
Balcomb, J. Barlow, J. Caldwell, T. Cranford, L. Crum, A. 
D’Amico, G. D’Spain, A. Fernandez, J. Finneran, R. Gentry, 
W. Gerth, F. Gulland, J. Hildebrand, D. Houser, T. Hullar, 
P. D. Jepson, D. Ketten, C. D. MacLeod, P. Miller, S. Moore, 
D. Mountain, D. Palka, P. Ponganis, S. Rommel, T. Rowles, 
B. Taylor, P. Tyack, D. Wartzok, R. Gisiner, J. Mead, and L. 
Benner. 
2006. Understanding the impacts of anthropogenic 
sound on beaked whales. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 
7:177-187. 
Danil, K., S. J. Chivers, M. D. Henshaw, J. L. Thieleking, R. 
Daniels, and J. A. St. Leger. 
2010. Cetacean strandings in San Diego County, Cali- 
fornia, USA: 1851-2008. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 
11:163-184. 
Ekman, S. 
1953. Zoogeography of the sea, 417 p. Sidgwick and 
Jackson Ltd., London. 
Evans, P. G. H., and P. S. Hammond. 
2004. Monitoring cetaceans in European waters. 
Mamm. Rev. 34:131-156. 
Evans, K., R. Thresher, R. M. Warneke, C. J. A. Bradshaw, M. 
Pook, D. Thiele, and M. A. Hindell. 
2005. Periodic variability in cetacean strandings: links 
to large-scale climate events. Biol. Lett. 1:147-150. 
Fautin, D., P. Dalton, L. S. Incze, J. C. Leong, C. Pautzke, A. 
Rosenberg, P. Sandifer, G. Sedberry, J. W. Tunnell Jr., I. Ab- 
bott, R. E. Brainard, M. Brodeur, L. G. Eldredge, M. Feld- 
man, F. Moretzsohn, P. S. Vroom, M. Wainstein, and N. Wolff. 
2010. An overview of marine biodiversity in United 
States waters. PLoS One 5(8):ell914. doi: 10.1371/ 
journal.pone.0011914. 
Federal Register. 
2006. Taking of marine mammals incidental to com- 
mercial fishing operations; bottlenose dolphin take 
reduction plan regulations; sea turtle conservation; 
restriction to fishing activities. Federal Register 
7 1(80 1:24776-24797 . 
Fernandez, S., and A. A. Hohn. 
1998. Age, growth, and calving season of bottlenose dol- 
phins, Tursiops truncatus, off coastal Texas. Fish. Bull. 
96:357-365. 
Friedlaender, A. S., W. A. McLellan, and D. A. Pabst. 
2001. Characterising an interaction between coastal 
bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus) and the spot 
gillnet fishery in southeastern North Carolina, USA. J. 
Cetacean Res. Manage. 3:293-303. 
Gannon, D. P., and D. M. Waples. 
2004. Diets of coastal bottlenose dolphins from the U.S. 
mid-Atlantic coast differ by habitat. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 
20:527-545. 
Garrison, L. P. 
2007. Interactions between marine mammals and pe- 
lagic longline fishing gear in the U.S. Atlantic Ocean 
between 1992 and 2004. Fish. Bull. 105:408-417. 
Gaskin, D. E. 
1992. Status of the harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoe- 
na, in Canada. Can. Field-Nat. 106:36-54. 
