244 
Fishery Bulletin 1 10(2) 
Table 2 
Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) spawning regions, number of populations sampled, years when sampling occurred, aver- 
age number of fish sampled per population per year over all populations within a region, and average total number of fish 
sampled (AO per population within the region for 146 odd-year and 116 even-year populations in 15 geographic regions (Fig. 2). 
Listing of populations in each region as well as allele frequencies for all population samples surveyed in this study are available 
at the Molecular Genetics Laboratory website http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/facilities-installations/pbs-sbp/mgl-lgm/ 
data-donnees/index-eng.htm . Values shown are averages with the ranges of samples sizes in parentheses. 
Average annual Average population 
Region 
Populations 
Years 
population sample size 
size (A0 
Washington (odd) 
12 
1995-2009 
110 
(44_498) 
257 
(98-755) 
Fraser River-upper (odd) 
9 
1987-2009 
95 
(69-102) 
201 
(100-463) 
Fraser River-lower (odd) 
6 
1987-2009 
87 
(50-100) 
245 
(98-463) 
East Coast Vancouver Island (odd) 
10 
1987-2009 
108 
(85-219) 
173 
(85-397) 
South Coast British Columbia (odd) 
13 
1987-2009 
105 
(25-200) 
169 
(38-390) 
Central Coast British Columbia (odd) 
59 
2003-2009 
111 
(2-227) 
164 
(32-394) 
Skeena River (odd) 
10 
2003-2007 
163 
(67-229) 
228 
(123-393) 
North Coast British Columbia (odd) 
25 
2003-2009 
151 
(9-233) 
211 
(87-381) 
Queen Charlotte Islands (odd) 
2 
2005 
210 
(200-219) 
210 
(200-219) 
East Coast Vancouver Island (even) 
2 
2006-2008 
83 
(50-113) 
124 
(85-163) 
South Coast British Columbia (even) 
11 
2002-2010 
119 
(27-237) 
162 
(47-452) 
Central Coast British Columbia (even) 
50 
2002-2010 
96 
(5-202) 
133 
(18-312) 
Skeena River (even) 
7 
2002-2006 
162 
(63-228) 
208 
(100-381) 
North Coast British Columbia (even) 
25 
2002-2010 
113 
(3-215) 
190 
(24-425) 
Queen Charlotte Islands (even) 
21 
2002-2006 
135 
(32-200) 
176 
(32-364) 
genotypes were scored by GeneMapper software, vers. 
3.0 (Applied Biosystems) by using an internal lane siz- 
ing standard. Allele identification between the two se- 
quencers was standardized by analyzing approximately 
600 individuals on both platforms and converting the 
sizing in the gel-based data set to match that obtained 
from the capillary-based set. 
Data analysis 
All annual samples available for a location were com- 
bined to estimate population allele frequencies, as is 
recommended by Waples (1990). Each population in each 
broodline at each locus was tested for departure from 
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of genotypic frequencies by 
using the software Genetic Data Analysis (GDA; Univ. 
of Connecticut, Storrs, CT). Critical significance levels 
for simultaneous tests were evaluated by using Bon- 
ferroni adjustment for each broodline separately (odd- 
year broodline: 0.05/146 = 0.00034, even-year broodline 
0.05/116 = 0.00043; Rice, 1989). Weir and Cockerham’s 
(1984) F st estimates for each locus over all populations 
were calculated with FSTAT, vers. 2. 9. 3. 2 (Goudet, 
1995). The significance (P< 0.05) of the multilocus F ST 
value over all samples was determined by jackknifing 
over loci. Populations were combined into 14 regional 
groups in order to develop a practical method to display 
mean pairwise F ST values between regions, as well as 
the mean number of alleles observed per locus in each 
region. These 14 regional groups were constructed from 
the 15 regional groups outlined in Table 2 by combin- 
ing the upper and lower Fraser River regions into a 
single region, with other regions remaining as outlined 
in Table 2. Broodlines were separated in odd-year and 
even-year spawning lines. Geographic areas were out- 
lined in Figure 1. The 14 regional groups correspond 
to the geographic areas and broodlines as follows: 1) 
Washington odd-year; 2) Fraser River (upper+lower) 
odd-year; 3) east coast Vancouver Island odd-year; 4) 
south coast British Columbia odd-year; 5) central coast 
British Columbia odd-year; 6) Skeena River odd-year; 
7) north coast British Columbia odd-year; 8) Queen 
Charlotte Islands odd-year; 9) east cCoast Vancouver 
Island even-year; 10) south coast British Columbia even- 
year; 11) central coast British Columbia even-year; 12) 
Skeena River even-year; 13) north coast British Colum- 
bia even-year; 14) Queen Charlotte Islands even-year. 
Individual populations remained discrete within these 
larger regional groups for determination of pairwise 
Fst values. 
Genotypic disequilibrium and potential genetic link- 
age among loci were tested with GDA with 1500 itera- 
tions per test. The number of pairs of loci exhibiting 
potential linkage was summed for the 146 populations 
sampled in the odd-year broodline and 116 popula- 
tions sampled in the even-year broodline (Table 2). 
Statistical significance was evaluated by using a Bon- 
ferroni adjustment as outlined previously.FSTAT was 
used to measure the “allelic richness” (allelic diversity 
standardized to a sample size of 240 fish per region) 
for the 14 regional groups of populations. Computa- 
tion of the number of alleles observed per locus was 
carried out with GDA. Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards 
(CSE) chord distance (1967) was used to estimate 
