Frable et al : Description of a new species of Synodus in the western Atlantic Ocean 
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Figure 2 
Anterior-nostril flaps in (A) Synodus macrostigmus, UF 182812, 185 mm SL; (B) S. inter- 
medius, USNM 405469, 196 mm SL; (C) S. foetens, USNM 405414, 130 mm SL, photo by G. 
D. Johnson (USNM); and (D) S. bondi , USNM 389982, 123 mm SL, photo by G. D. Johnson. 
DT=distai tip of anterior nostril; PN=posterior nostril. 
segmented caudal rays 10; dorsal procurrent caudal 
rays 12; ventral procurrent caudal rays 10-11; pelvic- 
fin rays 8; pectoral-fin rays 11 or 12; total vertebrae 
47-49, modally 49; predorsal vertebrae 12 or 13; pored 
lateral-line scales 45-48; median predorsal scales 12 
or 13; scale rows on cheek 4-6; eye large, 4. 5-6. 9% SL 
(16.7-24.7% head length [HL]); anterior nostril flap 
long, tapering distally and extending over posterior 
nostril when depressed, length of flap 2. 7-4.9% HL; 
snout blunt in dorsal view; pelvic-fin length 21.6-25.2% 
SL. Caudal fin with dark pigment on anterior end of 
fork and posterior portion of ventral caudal lobe; dorsal 
caudal lobe pale with light pigment on posterior mar- 
gin; shoulder with large, ovoid, black scapular blotch, 
length 14.2-19.0% HL; 6-9 dark bars on trunk; in life, 
adults gray to olive with unevenly distributed orange- 
yellow stripes along body. 
Description 
Description based on 52 specimens, 67.0-212.0 mm SL. 
Counts and measurements of holotype given in Table 
2. Frequency distribution of pored lateral-line scales 
given in Table 3. 
Dorsal-fin rays 11-12, rarely 11; anal-fin rays 11; 
total caudal-fin rays 41-42; dorsal segmented caudal 
rays 9; ventral segmented caudal rays 10; dorsal pro- 
current caudal rays 12; ventral procurrent caudal rays 
10-11; pelvic-fin rays 8; pectoral-fin rays 11 or 12; total 
vertebrae 47-49, modally 49; predorsal vertebrae 12 or 
13; scales ctenoid; pored lateral-line scales 45-48, mod- 
ally 47; median predorsal scales 15 or 16; scales above 
lateral line to dorsal-fin base 3.5; scales below lateral 
line to anal-fin base 4.5. 
Body elongate and cylindrical; depth at pelvic-fin 
origin 9.3-13.8% SL (12.1%); depth at anal-fin origin 
8.3-10.7% SL (9.6%); caudal-peduncle depth 4. 4-5. 7% 
SL (5.1%); body width at dorsal-fin origin 11.2-15.3% 
SL ( 13.1%); HL 24.2-29.0%) SL (26.3%)); snout length 
5. 6-7. 4%) SL (6.4%)) and 21.7-26.5% HL (24.3%); or- 
bit diameter 4.5-6.9%> SL (5.5%) and 16.7-24.7% HL 
(20.8%), orbit with bony ridge extending over an- 
terodorsal margin; interorbital width 2. 8-4. 3% SL 
(3.6%-) and 9.5-15.3% HL (13.8%-). 
Predorsal length 37.8-43.6% SL (40.4%); prepelvic 
length 32.2—36.5% SL (34.3%); preanal length 67.6- 
72.5% SL (70.4%); preadipose length 75.7-82.1% SL 
(79.3%); dorsal-fin base 15.0-18.2% SL (16.5%), longest 
