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Fishery Bulletin 113(2) 
Figure 3 
Neighbor-joining tree of unique haplotypes among species of the genus Ammodytes, with Uranoscopus as 
the outgroup taxon. Each haplotype is labeled by major geographic area of collection. See Table 1 for more 
detailed position data for locations. Numbers on branches indicate bootstrap support. 
nificantly higher counts than either A. japonicus or A. 
hexapterus. Counts of lateral-line pores differed signifi- 
cantly among all species: A. personatus had the lowest 
counts, followed by A. hexapterus, A. japonicus, and the 
new species with higher counts. Pectoral-fin rays dif- 
fered significantly only in the new species, which had 
significantly higher counts than all other species. All 
other meristic characters violated the equality of vari- 
ance assumption required for AN OVA and were tested 
by using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. With 
the exception of gill rakers of the lower arch and cau- 
dal-fin rays, all characters were significantly different 
between 2 or more species (Table 5). Importantly, the 
new species exhibited higher counts of anal-fin rays 
and anterior anal-fin pterygiophores. Meristic charac- 
ter frequencies are presented in Tables 6-8. 
Morphometric characters Among morphometric charac- 
ters of specimens identified genetically and with a com- 
plete suite of morphological characters, only caudal pe- 
duncle depth, caudal peduncle length, preanal length, 
and anal-fin base length met variance assumptions 
necessary to conduct an ANCOVA (Table 5). The cau- 
dal peduncle was significantly deeper in A. personatus 
than in A. hexapterus and the new species (which were 
not significantly different from each other), as well as 
in A. japonicus, in which this character was signifi- 
cantly more slender than it was in all other species. 
The caudal peduncle was also longer in A. hexapterus 
and A. personatus (which were not significantly differ- 
ent from each other) than in the new species and A. 
japonicus, in which it was shorter than it was in all 
other species. The preanal length was significantly lon- 
ger in A. personatus and was significantly shorter in 
the new species than in all other species. The anal-fin 
base was significantly longer in A. japonicus, followed 
by the new species, A. hexapterus, and A. personatus. 
Other characters were tested with the Kruskal-Wallis 
