138 
Fishery Bulletin 113(2) 
Table 3 
Genetic indices for the 4 species of Ammodytes of the North Pacific region. n=sample size; 
H=number of haplotypes; S=number of polymorphic sites; /i=haplotype diversity; 7i=average 
nucleotide diversity; and SE=standard error. 
n 
H 
S 
h (SE) 
jt (SE) 
A. hexapterus 
143 
6 
5 
0.1500 (0.39) 
0.0002 (0.0003) 
A. personatus 
229 
75 
64 
0.8100 (0.02) 
0.0030 (0.0020) 
A. japonicus 
95 
47 
47 
0.8471 (0.36) 
0.0049 (0.0029) 
A. heian n. sp. 
15 
8 
8 
0.8476 (0.08) 
0.0027 (0.0019) 
identified most specimens as either A. personatus or 
the new species. 
The cross-validation procedure correctly classified 
95.3% of the specimens. Of 76 specimens of A. japoni- 
cus and the new species, 3 specimens of A. japonicus 
were misidentified as the new species. Of 136 speci- 
mens of A. hexapterus or A. personatus, 4 specimens of 
A. hexapterus were misidentified as A. personatus. 
Systematics 
Ammodytes Linnaeus, 1 758 
Ammodytes (Artedi) Linnaeus, 1758:247 (type A. tobia- 
nus Linnaeus). 
Argyrotaenia Gill, 1861:40 (type A. vittatus DeKay, 
1842). 
Diagnosis 
Body elongate, covered with small cycloid scales situ- 
ated at right angles along oblique dermal plicae be- 
low lateral line. Lateral line incomplete, straight, un- 
branched, 3-4 scale rows below the dorsal-fin base. 
Ventrolateral dermal fold extends from isthmus along 
edge of belly and above anal fin. Median ventral fold 
present, extending from isthmus to vent. Premaxilla 
protractile, with well-developed ascending process. An- 
terior ends of maxillae not broadened and not touching 
each other but connected by tendon. Teeth absent. Dor- 
sal fin long, origin anterior to posterior tip of pectoral 
fin, anterior 1-3 pterygiophores inserted between neu- 
ral spines 6-7, 7-8, 8-9, or 9-10. Pectoral fin pointed, 
rays 6-7 longest, rays 3-10 bifurcate, other rays sim- 
ple. Pelvic fins absent. Vertebrae 59-78. 
Description 
Body elongate, slender, depth about 10-15 times into 
SL. Body anterior to vent longer than posterior portion, 
distance from snout to anal-fin origin about 60-70% 
SL. Head elongate, with long pointed snout. Mouth 
large, superior: upper jaw protractile, with elaborate 
cartilages supporting premaxilla (Pietsch, 1984); lower 
jaw projecting, mandible with strong and sharp sym- 
physeal process. Orbit moderately large, length 5 to 
6 times into HL. Gill membranes separate, free from 
isthmus. Gill rakers long and slender, 20-31 on first 
arch. 
Body covered with small cycloid scales: scales be- 
low lateral line situated along 106-198 oblique dermal 
plicae, fading to scale rows on caudal peduncle, scales 
above lateral line 3-4, and scales on belly between me- 
dian ridge and ventrolateral fold 3-4. Head naked. Lat- 
eral line straight, unbranched, incomplete, extending 
from above operculum to posterior portion of anal fin. 
Pored lateral line scales 106-185. 
Dorsal-fin rays 49-69, simple except for few poste- 
rior-most. Dorsal fin long, with origin anterior to tip of 
pectoral fin. Anal-fin rays 24-36, simple except for few 
posterior-most. Anal fin about half the length of dorsal 
fin, with origin at 66% of body. Pectoral-fin rays 11-17, 
rays 7-9 longest. Pelvic fins absent. Caudal fin forked. 
Total vertebrae 59-78, precaudal vertebrae 33-49, cau- 
dal vertebrae 21-28. 
Ammodytes hexapterus Pallas, 1814 
Arctic sand lance [Japanese name: Kita-ikanago] 
Figures 6A and 7A; Tables 5-7 
Ammodytes hexapterus Pallas, 1814:226 (original de- 
scription; types lost; circumboreal, Kamchatka, Kuril 
and Aleutian islands, American coast, Baltic Sea). 
Ammodytes tobianus personatus Popov, 1931:145 
(Nagaeva Bay, northern Sea of Okhotsk). 
Ammodytes hexapterus hexapterus Lindberg, 1937:87 
(Commander Islands, Avachinskaya Bay, Ayan Bay, 
Shantar Islands, Terpenia Bay, Gulf of Tartary). 
Neotype 
UAM 2813, 126.5 mm, Russia, Chukchi Sea, 67.4093°N, 
173.5757°W, RUSALCA 2012, station CLIO, PSBT, haul 
16, 13 September 2012 (GenBank Accession KJ137280), 
herein designated. 
