Fishery Bulletin 113(2) 
East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, and the Pacific Ocean 
side of northern Japan, where its range overlaps with 
that of the new species (Table 4). 
Etymology 
The specific name japonicus is the Latinized adjectival 
form of Japan , meaning “of Japan.” 
Remarks 
We consider Ammodytes aleutensis to be a junior syn- 
onym of A. japonicus. In their original description, 
Duncker and Mohr (1939) included material from Un- 
alaska Island, concluding erroneously that the spe- 
cies ranged throughout the Aleutian Islands. Meristic 
characters serve to identify those specimens as either 
A. personatus or A. hexapterus, and only A. personatus 
is recorded from the Aleutian Islands. Otherwise, all 
characters of the lectotype and other paralectotypes 
were well within the range of our genetically identified 
material for A. japonicus. Duncker and Mohr (1939) 
distinguished A. japonicus from A. aleutensis on the 
basis of meristic characters, as well as the position of 
the dorsal-fin origin (posterior to the center of the pec- 
toral fin in A. aleutensis versus at the posterior end of 
the pectoral fin in A. japonicus), the posterior extension 
of the ventrolateral ridge (posterior to the second third 
of the anal fin and becoming reduced farther posterior 
versus extending posterior to the center of the anal 
fin). We find no differences among these morphometric 
characters in our material or in the pertinent type ma- 
terial examined. 
The lectotype and 1 paralectoype of A. aleutensis 
and 1 lot of paralectoypes of A. japonicus (designated 
by Ladiges et al., 1958) were collected from “Otaka,” 
according to Duncker and Mohr (1939). We were unable 
to find a place with that name in Japan. However, in 
examining material at ZMH, we found that the original 
label for ZMH 143 (originally 13708) had been misin- 
terpreted and should have been recorded as “Otaru,” a 
town on the western coast of Hokkaido. 
Ammodytes heian Orr, Wildes, and Kai, new species 
Peaceful sand lance [New Japanese name: Oh-ikanago] 
Figures 6D and 7D; Tables 5-7 
Ammodytes personatus: Kawamura, 1940 (in part; cit- 
ed in Ohshima, 1950; Onagawa and Moura bays); 
Hashimoto and Kawasaki, 1981 (in part, “type A”); 
Hashimoto, 1984 (in part, “group II”); Okamoto, 1989 
(in part; off Rishiri Island, Wakkanai, Ryogoku Bay); 
Kim et al., 2010 (in part; specimens Ell and E30, 
table 1 and fig. 2); Han et al., 2012 (in part, “lineage 
A”). 
Holotype 
FAKU 130770, 184.8 mm, Japan, Iwate Prefecture, Pacif- 
ic coast ofTohoku District, Ohfunato, 3 May 2008, Y. Kai. 
Paratypes 
FAKU 131506, 131507, 131795, 3 specimens, 148- 
165.9 mm, Japan, Fukushima Prefecture, Pacific coast 
of Tohoku District, Soma, 3 May 2008, Y. Kai; FAKU s 
130767-130769, 130771-131774, 7 specimens, 184.8- 
218.6 mm, Japan, Iwate Prefecture, Pacific coast of 
Tohoku District, Ohfunato, 3 May 2008, Y. Kai; UW 
152685, 9 specimens, 202.9-225.9 mm, Japan, Hokkai- 
do, off Wakkanai, 45.4492°N, 141.6446°E, Y. Kai. 
Diagnosis 
A species of Ammodytes distinguished from A. hexa- 
pterus by its significantly smaller orbit (11-15% HL 
vs. 12-21% HL), fewer total vertebrae (63-67 vs. 65- 
72), fewer precaudal vertebrae (39-43 vs. 40-47), more 
pored lateral-line scales (142-185 vs. 121-152), more 
dermal plicae (156-198 vs. 143-172), and more pig- 
mented pectoral-fin rays (4-10 vs. 2-6). It is further 
distinguished from A. personatus by its deeper body 
(depth at dorsal-fin origin 40-57% HL vs. 24-53% 
HL; greater depth at anal-fin origin 39-55% HL vs. 
33-52% HL), smaller orbit (11-15% HL vs. 12-18% 
HL), more pored lateral-line scales (142-185 vs. 114- 
170) and dermal plicae (156-198 vs. 139-193), fewer 
total vertebrae (63-67 vs. 65-73) and fewer precau- 
dal vertebrae (39-43 vs. 41-49), and more pigmented 
pectoral-fin rays (4-10 vs. 3-7). It is further distin- 
guished from A. japonicus by its deeper body anteri- 
orly (depth at dorsal-fin origin 40-57% HL vs. 32-53% 
HL), shorter upper jaw (29-32% HL vs. 30-39% HL), 
smaller orbit (11-15% HL vs. 12-20% HL), more pored 
lateral-line scales (142-185 vs. 132-166) and more 
dermal plicae (156-198 vs. 144-182). It is further 
distinguished from all species of the North Pacific re- 
gion by a unique COI haplotype (GenBank Accession 
KJ137282; Appdx. 2). 
Description 
Body elongate, slender, depth at dorsal-fin origin 
40.1- 57.6% HL (48.1% HL), depth at anal-fin origin 
39.3-55.4% HL (48.1% HL), depth at caudal peduncle 
11.2- 14.0% HL (12.0% HL). Head long, 18.8-22.1% SL 
(20.1% SL). Snout long, 27.1-29.2% HL (28.5% HL). 
Mouth large: upper jaw 29.0-32.6% HL (32.2% HL); 
lower jaw 40.9-45.9% HL (43.7% HL). Orbit moderate- 
ly sized, 11.1-15.2% HL (12.9% HL). Gill rakers 23-30 
(27), long, 8.5-12.8% HL (11.0% HL), slender, 4-5 (4) 
on upper part of arch, 19-25 (23) on lower part. Pseu- 
dobranchs 10-17 (12). 
Pored lateral-line scales 142-185 (158). Scales be- 
low lateral line situated along 156-198 (172) oblique 
dermal plicae. 
Dorsal-fin rays 55-60 (56). Anal-fin rays 30-33 (31), 
10-13 (12) pterygiophores anterior to first caudal ver- 
tebra. Pectoral-fin rays 14-17 (15), rays 4-10 (7) pig- 
mented. Total vertebrae 63-67 (64), precaudal verte- 
brae 39-43 (42), caudal vertebrae 22-25 (22). 
