190 
Fishery Bulletin 113(2) 
trawl by direct observations from a towed underwater 
vehicle. Scott. Fish. Res. Rep. 23, 23 p. 
Misund, O. A. 
1997. Underwater acoustics in marine fisheries and fish- 
eries research. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 7:1-34. Article 
Mitson, R. B. (ed.). 
1995. Underwater noise of research vessels: review and 
recommendations. ICES Coop. Res. Rep. 209, 61 p. 
Mitson, R. B., and H. P. Knudsen. 
2003. Causes and effects of underwater noise on 
fish abundance estimation. Aquat. Living Resour. 
16:255-263. Article 
O’Driscoll, R. L., G. A. Rose, and J. T. Anderson. 
2002. Counting capelin: a comparison of acoustic 
density and trawl catchability. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 
59:1062-1071. Article 
Ona, E., and O. R. Godp. 
1990. Fish reaction to trawling noise: the significance 
for trawl sampling. Rapp. p.-v. Reun. Cons. Int. Explor. 
Mer 189:159-166. 
R Core Team. 
2012. R: a language and environment for statistical com- 
puting. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, 
Austria. [Available from http://www.R-project.org/, ac- 
cessed January 2013]. 
Ryer, C. H., and L. A. K. Barnett. 
2006. Influence of illumination and temperature upon 
flatfish reactivity and herding behavior: potential im- 
plications for trawl capture efficiency. Fish. Res. 
81:242-250. Article 
Smith, K. R., and R. A. McConnaughey. 
1999. Surficial sediments of the eastern Bering Sea 
continental shelf: EBSSED database documenta- 
tion. NOAA Tech. Memo NMFS-AFSC-104, 41 p. 
Somerton, D. A. 
2003. Bridle efficiency of a survey trawl for flatfish: mea- 
suring the length of the bridles in contact with the bot- 
tom. Fish. Res. 60:273-279. Article 
2004. Do Pacific cod ( Gadus macrocephalus) and wall- 
eye pollock (Theregra chalcogramma ) lack a herding 
response to the doors, bridles, and mudclouds of survey 
trawls? ICES J. Mar. Sci. 61:1186-1189. Article 
Somerton, D.A., and P. Munro. 
2001. Bridle efficiency of a survey trawl for flat- 
fish. Fish. Bull. 99:641-652. 
Somerton, D. A., and K. L. Weinberg. 
2001. The affect [sic] of speed through the water on foo- 
trope contact of a survey trawl. Fish. Res. 53:17-24. 
Stauffer, G (compiler). 
2004. NOAA protocols for groundfish bottom trawl sur- 
veys of the nation’s fishery resources. NOAA Tech. 
Memo. NMFS-F/SPO-65, 205 p. 
von Szalay, P. G., and D. A. Somerton. 
2005. The effect of net spread on the capture efficiency 
of a demersal survey trawl used in the eastern Bering 
Sea. Fish. Res. 74:86-95. Article 
Vabp, R., K. Olsen, and I. Huse. 
2002. The effect of vessel avoidance of wintering 
Norwegian spring spawning herring. Fish. Res. 
58:59-77. Article 
Walsh, S. J. 
1992. Size-dependent selection at the footgear of a 
groundfish survey trawl. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 
12:625-633. Article 
Weinberg, K. L., and S. Kotwicki. 
2008. Factors influencing net width and sea floor con- 
tact of a survey bottom trawl. Fish. Res. 93:265-279. 
Article 
Weinberg, K. L., D. A. Somerton, and P. T. Munro. 
2002. The effect of trawl speed on the footrope 
capture efficiency of a survey trawl. Fish. Res. 
58:303-313. Article 
