i/2 Mr. Mushet’s Experiments on Wootz. 
which the paucity of the heat had left either imperfectly sepa- 
rated or unfused. These most probably, to make the product 
more marketable, are cut off at a second heating, and the 
whole surface hammered smooth. 
I have observed the same facts and similar appearances in 
operations of a like nature, and can account satisfactorily for 
it as follows. 
The first portions of metal, that are separated in experi- 
ments of this nature, contain the largest share of the whole 
carbon introduced into the mixture. It follows of course, that 
an inferior degree of heat will maintain this portion of metal 
in a state of fluidity, but that a much higher temperature is 
requisite to reduce the particles of metal, thus for a season 
robbed of their carbon, and bring them into contact with the 
portion first rendered fluid, to receive their proportion of the 
steely principle. Where the heat is languid, the descent of the 
last portions of iron is sluggish, the mass below begins to lose 
its fluidity, while its disposition for giving out carbon is reduced 
by the gradual addition of more iron. An accumulation takes 
place of metallic masses of various diameters, rising up for 
half an inch or more into the glass that covers the metal ; 
these are neatly welded and inserted into each other, and 
diminish in diameter as they go up. The length, or even the 
existence of this feeder or excrescence, depends upon the heat 
in general, and upon its temperature at different periods of the 
same process. If there has been sufficient heat, the surface 
will be convex and uniformly crystalline ; but if the heat has 
been urged, after the feeder has been formed and an affinity 
established between it and the steelified mass below, it will 
only partially disappear in the latter, and the head or part of 
