40 
ON BLACK-WATER. 
spots were of a brown or blackish colour, and the other parts or 
ground were of a lighter cast, not much unlike the colour of some 
of the lighter-coloured stone bottles. These separate appearances 
ran throughout its cortical portion, until we came to the medullary 
or tubular substance, which was not much different from its ap- 
pearance in health. It would seem that there was congestion, 
marked by the dark striae which the cortical substance contained. 
Its texture was not at all softened, but, on the contrary, felt tough. 
A quantity of fluid could be squeezed out of the kidneys every- 
where after cutting into them, and which had the same appear- 
ance as the urine. The capsule or covering was not diseased. The 
pelvic portions or central cavities had no mucous lining, nor did 
they shew any inflammation. 
Case III. — Mr. Cotgreave lost another cow (I did not attend 
her) a week after this, and which had been grazing in the 
same field. On examination I found similar appearances in the 
kidneys, and there was no staking, but in all the dung was soft 
and natural. There was more discolouration about the intestines 
and internal parts than in the first case of his. He also had three 
other cows ill in the same ground within the space of a fortnight, 
but they got well. The land that these cows had been grazing upon 
was high and dry, with plenty of water, and the pasture good, 
although not luxuriant, being bare in some places. The weather 
had been very changeable, and the winds had varied to almost 
every point. The owner seems to think that they had nipped the 
bushes of elm that grew on the ditch bank, and fancied this might 
have produced the disease. 
The other cows had purging medicine given to them, and they 
did well. To one of them he gave a quart of port wine after 
the physic. All these were milking cows, in fair condition, but 
not fat. 
Case IV. — Sept. 24, 1838. I have just opened an aged cow 
that died to-day. She had been ill for about a week. On the 
day in which her illness was discovered she had a pound of salts, 
and on the next day a drink from the farrier, and he attended her 
during her illness, and gave her several opening drinks. Her 
bowels, however, had not been much moved during the greater 
part of the time. Her water was bad whenever they saw her 
void any ; but for nearly the last three days they had not seen her 
pass it; and during that time she seemed as if she wanted to 
urine, and could not. She moaned a great deal, and seemed very 
ill. A day or two after she was taken ill, she got out and went to 
the pit, and drank a great quantity of water, and afterwards 
seemed very much swollen, almost to bursting. She ate almost 
